Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2009, 57(1), 171-180 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200957010171

VLIV PŘÍDAVKU ESENCIÁLNÍ OLEJŮ BYLIN S OBSAHEM ANETHOLU NA STRAVITELNOST ŽIVIN U PRASAT

Ladislav Zeman, Petr Mareš, Michal Večerek
Ústav výživy zvířat a pícninářství, Mendelova zemědělská a lenická univerzita v Brně, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

Používání antibiotik bylo kritizováno v celé Evropě v souvislosti se zvýšeným rizikem výskytu patogenů rezistentních k léčivům užívaných současně ve veterinární i humánní medicíně. S omezováním použití nebo s úplným zákazem zkrmování antibiotických přípravků musí být objevovány alternativní způsoby, jak zlepšit a ochránit zdravotní stav hospodářských zvířat. Rosen (1996) zahrnuje tyto potenciální látky pod název pronutrienty; do této skupiny patří například probiotika, prebiotika, organické kyseliny, dietní vláknina a také právě byliny, koření či extrakty z bylin. Vliv těchto pronutrientů na užitkovost hospodářských zvířat se může měnit v širokém rozmezí. Obecně jsou tyto látky více efektivní u zvířat s nižší užitkovostí a s nepříznivým zdravotním stavem; tato zvířata jsou často chována v nepříznivých mikroklimatických a organizačních podmínkách nebo dostávají krmiva s nízkou výživnou hodnotou.
Práce měla za cíl zhodnotit vliv některých z těchto látek na stravitelnost živin a přispět tak k určení jejich vhodnosti pro zařazení do krmných směsí pro prasata.
Pokusná sledování byla provedena v pokusném akreditovaném zařízení Mendelovy zemědělské a lesnické univerzity v Brně na pracovišti Školní zemědělský podnik v Žabčicích, v experimentální stáji zařízené pro tyto pokusy. Pro bilanční pokusy byla vybrána krmná aditiva, esenciální olej z rostlin Pimpinella anisum a Foenniculum vulgare. Dobré obecné podmínky chovu a stavu prasat dokládají údaje o intenzitě růstu a konverzi krmiva. Výsledky naznačují mírně vyšší míru stravitelnosti směsi, která byla ošetřena anýzovým extraktem; tento rozdíl u koeficientů stravitelnosti však nepřekročil míru 1 %. Vyšší rozdíl je zřejmý u retence dusíkatých látek v organismu, kde dosáhl hranice 5,6 %. Z uvedených hodnot koeficientů stravitelnosti sušiny pokusných směsí je zřejmá nízká variabilita (mimo míru retence NL). I když lze tedy sledovat určité zlepšení KS, zejména u pokusné směsi s obsahem anýzového oleje, rozdíly hodnot nebyly statisticky průkazné. Lze tedy předpokládat, že použitá krmná aditiva a jejich koncentrace v KS neovlivňují stravitelnost sušiny pozitivním směrem a současně nepůsobí negativně; jejich použití v krmných směsích je pak z tohoto pohledu plně využitelné.

anethol, stravitelnost, prase, Pimpinella anisum, Fennel vulgare, esenciální olej

The effect of anethole containing essentials oils on nutrients digestibility of pigs

The plant additives and their functional components can selectively influence the intestinal microorganism growth in positive or negative direction. If the growth promotion relates with positive microorganisms and growth elimination is connected with pathogens the results is nutrients utilization improvement, stimulation of immunologic system or positive influence of intermedial metabolism. Anethole is one of these important plant metabolites. There are described following positive effects of anethole in human medicine: vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, releasing of heart function, fytoestrogenic (it mean improving of milk secretion, menstruation, promotion of menses, birth improvement, men's hormonal changes improving, sexual libido improving), antioxidative, antifungal, improvement of derma permeability, antihelmintic, insecticidal, yeast elimination, antibacterial, antipyretic.
In our work the effect of anise and fennel essential oils on nutrients utilization in pig experiment was evaluated. The trial was organized in accredited experimental stable Žabčice of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The high level efficiency of experimental animals is mentioned through general parameters (average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion). The results of nutrients utilization rate show slightly higher digestibility of nutrients in treatment with anise oil, this improvement is not higher then 1.0 %. We can see also improvement of nitrogen retention in body mass on level of 5.6 % (anise treatment compared with control group). There is low variability between experimental animals (except nitrogen retention coefficient) but we can not see any statistical significance. On base of these results we can say the used phytogenic additives do not affect negatively the nutrient utilization in used concentration (0.1 % of essential oil in feed mixture) and are fully eligible for animal nutrition. These results are also supported by few research papers connected with similar topic.

Keywords: anethole, nutrient utilization, pig, Pimpinella anisum, Fennel vulgare, essential oil
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Výsledky výzkumu uvedené v této práci jsou součástí řešení výzkumného projektu Ústavu výživy zvířat a pícninářství podpořeného NAZV pod číslem QG 60118.

Received: September 22, 2008; Published: October 14, 2014  Show citation

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Zeman, L., Mareš, P., & Večerek, M. (2009). The effect of anethole containing essentials oils on nutrients digestibility of pigs. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 57(1), 171-180. doi: 10.11118/actaun200957010171
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