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The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics in the content of organic nutrients, ash and energy in dry matter of growths within the Mohelenská Serpentine Steppe National Nature Reserve (NPR), and to document their initial nutritive value before the intended grazing. Plant samples in 1995 and 1996 during the growing season in 14-days intervals from the area of 3 × 1 m². Amounts of dry matter, fibre, nitrogen substances, fat and ashes were determined in growths according to the ANONYM (2001). Nitrogen-free extract substances (BNLV) were determined by final calculating; BE, ME, NEL, NEV, PDIN and PDIE were calculated using the regression equations (VESELÝ and ZEMAN, 1995, 1997).
Combining ratio (SP) was calculated according to the relation: SP = PDIN (g)/NEL (MJ). The dynamics of the contents of dry matter, organic nutrients, ashes and energy were assessed in the growth during the vegetation period and the dynamics was compared with standardized requirements of sheep (no pregnant ewe). Regression and correlation relations for nutrition value of the growths during vegetation period were calculated by use of mathematical-statistical analysis. Only statistically significantly (P

The effect of dried yogurt (Kashik) based on Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on broiler meat crude protein and fat content and tibial bone mineral composition was studied. The birds were fed diets including probiotics only during the first 21 days of age. The trial groups T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with 1, 3 and 5 % Yoghurt, respectively. The control group was fed with a commercial feed mixture. Breast muscules nutrition quality was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) with Kashik up to day 21. The highest difference was 0.25% (C and T3) in crude protein content and 0.15% in crude fat (C and T2). Also, leg muscles crude protein and fat percentages were not affected by probiotics up to day 21 of age. The values varied from 18.76 to 19.24% and from 5.77 to 6.54% respectively. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) in legs' muscles crude protein (19.05 and 19.92% in C and TI group) and fat contents (4.82 and 6.33%) were observed between the T1 and T3 group up to 40 days of age. No significant effects of probiotics were observed on breast muscles mineral content up to 21 days and 40 days of age. Leg muscles mineral contents were not affected with probiotics up to 21 days, whereas up to 40 days only leg muscles P and Mg content was affected (1.80 and 1.61 g.kg^-1 of P in C and T3 group and 0,42 and 0,44 g.kg^-1 in C and T1, in Mg, resp.). There were no significant effects of treatments on tibial bone Ca and Mg contents up to day 21. However, tibial bone P content was significantly affected. The addition of 3 and 5 percents of Kashik increased tibial bone P content significantly (98.5g.kg^-1 in T2, 97.0g.kg^-1 in T3) above the value of the control group (80.5g.kg^-1) up to 21 days of age. There were no significant differences between treatment groups and the control group in tibial bone P and Mg composition at day 40 of age. The values varied from 86.00 to 93.12% in C and T1 in P and 4.10 to 4.23g.kg^-1 in Mg content. Some significant differences were observed between the treatment group which was supplemented with 1% of Kashik and the control group in tibial bone Ca composition at day 40 of age (213.62 and 229.06g.kg^-1, resp.).

In our research were evaluated sixteen varieties of vegetable pepper in technical ripe and twenty-eight tomato varieties in content of vitamin C in mg.kg^-1. The experimental works were made on the open field and in the laboratories of the Research Institute of Vegetables in Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic. The trials have been made in years 2005, 2006 and 2007.
The average vitamin C content of fruits in the technical maturity of all sixteen pepper varieties evaluated in 2005 was 1 813.06 mg.kg^-1. In the year of 2006, the average content of vitamin C was 1 909.43 mg.kg^-1 and in the third experimental year 2 392.49 mg.kg^-1. When analyzing the variance of vitamin C, varieties are the sources of the significant variability (F = 2.08). Years as factors of variability are highly significant different (F = 28.78).
The mean vitamin C content in tomato fruits in the year 2005 was 317.63 mg.kg^-1, in 2006 the mean value of vitamin C was 345.09 mg.kg^-1 and in 2007 the average content was 316.14 mg.kg^-1. The tomato varieties and years were the source of the variability factors and highly significant different (F = 6.85, F = 16.27) by the Fisher test.

In this experiment on three dairy cows with the ruminal and duodenal T-cannulas, the actual and predicted amino acid (AA) profiles of the protein fraction flowed to the small intestine were compared. The prediction was calculated by two methods: with the use of mean published AA profile of microbial protein and of experimentally determined one. The actual AA profile of digesta protein was corrected for glycine (Gly) of bile origin. In comparison to the published AA profile of microbial protein the use of the actual one did not contribute to an improvement of prediction accuracy (mean prediction error: 7.36 vs. 7.54 %, respectively). Inaccurate determination of AA composition of undegraded feed protein and the insufficient correction for Gly of bile origin were the probable sources of the residual variability.

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha^-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

The changes in the content of water-soluble sulphur in the soil after the application of straw and elemental sulphur (ES) were explored in a 2-year vegetation pot experiment. The following variants were included in the experiment: 1) unfertilised control; 2) wheat straw; 3) rape straw; 4) ES; 5) wheat straw + ES; 6) rape straw + ES. The two types of straw were applied in a dose of 32 g of dry matter and elemental sulphur was applied in a dose of 0.42 g per pot, i.e. 6 kg of soil. The unsatisfactory C:N ratio in the straw was optimised to 25:1 by adding nitrogen in urea. Soil samples were taken prior to sowing of the model plant (spring wheat in 2005 and white mustard in 2006) and then in regular monthly intervals until harvesting (5 times a year). The content of water-soluble sulphur in the soil was evaluated by multifactorial analysis of variance monitoring the effect of the crop, date of soil sampling, application of straw and elemental sulphur.
The contents of water-soluble sulphur differed statistically significantly (P > 0.999) when growing the individual model plants. When growing white mustard in 2006 the amount of available sulphur was by 1/5 higher and could have been partly affected by the warm year 2006, as compared to 2005 when spring wheat was grown. Significant differences (P > 0.999) were also discovered among the dates of soil sampling; higher values were detected before the sowing of model plants, i.e. after incubation in the winter, during vegetation the content of water-soluble sulphur decreased and sulphur showed the significantly highest values at the harvest of model plants. When wheat straw was applied the sulphur content did not increase and this may be associated with the wide C:S ratio, whereas after the application of rape straw the content of water-soluble sulphur increased by one third more than in the unfertilised control. The application of elemental sulphur also significantly increased the amount of water-soluble sulphur in the soil, doubling its content.
We can conclude that the content of water-soluble sulphur in the soil was strongly affected by the grown crop in combination with the temperatures of the year, it shows considerable dynamics during vegetation culminating at harvest (early August), it was favourably affected by the application of rape straw and it increased considerably after the application of elemental sulphur.

Methods for determination of free water content in poultry meat are described in Commission Regulation EEC No 1538/91 as amended and in ČSN 57 3100. Two of them (method A and D) have been validated in conditions of a Czech poultry processing plant. The capacity of slaughtering was 6000 pieces per hour and carcasses were chilled by air with spraying. All determinations were carried out in the plant's lab and in the lab of the Institute of Food Technology. Method A was used to detect the amount of water lost from frozen chicken during thawing in controlled conditions. Twenty carcasses from six weight groups (900 g-1400 g) were tested. The average values of thaw loss water contents ranged between 0.46% and 1.71%, the average value of total 120 samples was 1.16%. The results were compared with the required maximum limit value of 3.3%. The water loss content was in negative correlation with the weight of chicken (r = -0.56). Method D (chemical test) has been applied to determine the total water content of certain poultry cuts. It involved the determination of water and protein contents of 62 representative samples in total. The average values of ratio of water weight to proteins weight W_A/RP_A were in breast fillets 3.29, in legs with a portion of the back 4.06, legs 4.00, thighs 3.85 and drumsticks 4.10. The results corresponded to the required limit values for breast fillets 3.40 and for leg cuts 4.15. The ratio of water weight to proteins weight W_A/RP_A was correlated with the weight of chicken for breast fillets negatively (r = -0.61) and for leg cuts positively (r = 0.70). Different correlations can be explained by the distribution of water, protein and fat in carcasses. The evaluation of methods in the parameter of percentage ratio of the average value to the limit showed that method D (results were at the level of 97% of the limit) was more exact than method A (results were at the level 32% of the limit) but it is more expensive. Both methods were tested with the same technological equipment and at the same time. As far as the validation is concerned, it can be concluded that no substantial modification of methods is necessary.

Lilac sage (Whorled sage), as one of the medicinal plants chosen as perspective for the recultivation of flowering meadows in the Czech Republic, was studied for the variability of its morphological characters, seed quality and content of essential oil. Seven particular populations of this genus were studied in the Czech Republic and there were found statistically significant differences in morphological characters (height and width of plants, length and width of leaves and length of inflorescences) but not in the content of the essential oil. Studied populations reached only between 0.028 and 0.072% of essential oil in dry mass and also the quality of seeds was found very low (germination between 0-52%) in the seeds from natural localities but this fact could be influenced by testing method.

Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant material (flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits and roots). Besides antibacterial properties, essential oils or their components have been shown to exhibit antiviral, antimycotic, antitoxigenic, antiparasitic, and insecticidal properties. In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with thyme and hyssop essential oils on physical and microbiological egg parameters were studied. Hens of laying hybrid ISA Brown (n = 72) were randomly divided at the day of hatching into 3 groups (n = 26) and fed for 41 weeks on diets which differed in kind of essential oil supplemented. In the first experimental group the feed mixture was supplemented with thyme essential oil addition 0.25ml.kg^-1, in the second one got hyssop essential oil the same dose of 0.25ml.kg^-1. The results suggest that the supplementation of thyme essential oil into laying hens diet statistically significantly increased egg albumen weight, egg albumen percentage portion (P < 0.05) and egg yolk colour (9.07^a, 9.47^b, 9.06^a; P < 0.01), compared to the control group and decreased egg yolk percentage ratio. However, the most of qualitative parameters of internal content egg were not with thyme and hyssop essential oils addition significantly influenced. Significant differences in microbiological indicators were found among coliforms bacteria, enterococci, total number count (P < 0.001), lactobacilli and mesophilic sporulating aerobes bacteria (P < 0.05).

For the monitoring of distribution and accumulation of phthalic acid esters (PAE) in animal tissues, samples of muscle, mesenteric fat (fat), skin and liver from broiler chicks ROSS 308 were used. The chicks were divided into 4 groups (50 chicks each). All the chicks were given commercial diets (complete feed, KKS) for broiler chicks (starter - BR1; grower - BR2 and finisher - BR3). The experimental diets were supplemented with vegetable oil (RO) with low (group N) or high (group V) phthalate contents, or animal fat with a high phthalate content (group Z). Neither the control diets (K), nor the grower (BR1) diets contained vegetable oils or animal fat. The N chicks were given the grower (BR2) and finisher (BR3) diets supplemented with 5% and 3% vegetable oil, respectively. The V chicks were given BR2 and BR3 diets with 5% and 3% vegetable oil, respectively. The Z chicks were given BR2 and BR3 diets with 5% and 3% animal fat, respectively.
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were found in the tissues of chicks in all the experimental groups. The DBP content in the muscle ranged from 0.03 to 0.55 mg.kg^-1, in the adipose tissue from < 0.20 to 2.56 mg.kg^-1, in the skin from < 0.20 to 1.49 mg.kg^-1, and in the liver from 0.03 to 0.13 mg.kg^-1. The content of DEHP in the muscle ranged from 0.03 to 1.15 mg.kg^-1, in the adipose tissue from 0.25 to 9.85 mg.kg^-1, in the skin from < 0.20 to 4.68 mg.kg^-1, and in the liver from 0.16 to 0.24 mg.kg^-1. The highest concentrations of DBP of 1.28 ± 1.00 mg.kg^-1 of fresh sample (an average value from 8 chicks) was determined in the adipose tissue of V chicks. The highest concentration of DEHP of 3.27 ± 2.87 mg.kg^-1 of fresh sample (mean of 8 chicks) was also determined in the V group. The accumulation of DEHP was 3.2; 2.6 and 2.9 times higher than that of DBP in the muscle, adipose tissue and skin, respectively.

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Organic matter balance in the farms located in Ústí nad Orlicí district has been investigated since 1979. As a result, so called need of organic fertilisation, has been determined and the supply of the organic fertilisers to soils, e.g. farmyard manure, slurries and also straw and green manure has been monitored over the whole time period. About 45 % of the arable land area in the district has been monitored.
In addition to the organic matter balance, we determined several soil organic matter characteristics in soil samples (organic C, N and S contents, inert and decomposable C content, hot water soluble C content, hydrophobicity index calculated from the DRIFT spectrometry, available P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH).
The relationships between the organic matter supply with supplemental sources organic fertilisers and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics were statistically significant. Significant correlations were also found for the relationships between the organic matter need and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics.

Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin) is a water-soluble essential vitamin. Nowadays an increased risk for riboflavin deficiency may be seen in people on special diets (diabetes mellitus), smokers or heavy alcohol drinkers. In the Czech diet the main sources of the vitamin intake are milk and dairy products followed by cereals and meat. Cereals are good source of this vitamin as it is widely and regularly consumed in different forms. Analyses of the vitamin B₂ content in different types of cereal products (flours, breads, pastries, breakfast cereals, cooked pasta) of Czech origin using HPLC with reversed phase and UV detection were done. The vitamin B₂ content of chosen cereal products decreased in this progression: enriched wholemeal breakfast cereals (the best source of the vitamin), enriched wheat flours, breads - rye and wholemeal wheat breads, whole wheat and spelt flours, wheat bread, cooked whole wheat and rye spaghetti, wheat and multigrain pastries and finally scoured wheat flours.

Groups of fatty acids (FAs) in milk fat can have positive and negative impact on consumer health. Profile of FAs could be influenced by dairy cow nutrition, breed, milk yield level et cetera. The question is what relationships the FAs could have to quality of milk products? Relationships between FAs and their groups to selected milk indicators were studied in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cows (64 bulk milk samples). There were 8 herds in 2-year investigation during winter and summer season. The relationship of saturated FAs (SAFA; 66.22%) was significant only to lactose (L) content (0.290; P < 0.05). The relationships of monounsaturated FAs (MUFA; 29.21%) to milk indicators (MIs) were insignificant (P > 0.05). The relationships of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, beneficial for consumer health; 4.53%) to MIs were narrower: fat (T, 0.321; P < 0.05); lactose (L, 0.458; P < 0.01); milk alcohol stability (AL, 0.447; P < 0.01); titration acidity (SH, 0.342; P < 0.01); cheese curd quality (KV, 0.427; P < 0.01); milk fermentationability (JSH, 0.529; P < 0.001), streptococci count in yoghurt (Strepto, 0.316; P < 0.05); total count of noble bacteria in yoghurt (CPMUK, 0.314; P < 0.05); streptococci/lactobacilly ratio (StreptoLacto, 0.356; P < 0.01). The relationships of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; markedly beneficial for health; 0.68%) to MIs were: T (0.379; P < 0.01); L (-0.542; P < 0.001); AL (0.266; P < 0.05); KV (0.411; P < 0.01); Strepto (0.260; P < 0.05); StreptoLacto (0.270; P < 0.05). The higher CLA levels were connected in this way with: higher fat content; lower lactose content; lower alcohol stability; lower streptococci count in yoghurt; lower streptococci/lactobacilly ratio in yoghurt. The PUFA and CLA representation decreased with L increase. Simultaneously some technological milk properties such as alcohol stability and fermentationability were slightly improved.

Somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of mammary gland health state. Lactose (L) can be reduced with mastitis and SCC increase. Mammary gland health is an essential factor of milk quality. Monitoring of mammary gland health is important for prevention and treatment of milk secretion disorders. The goal of this work was to analyse the relationship between SCC and L in various biological species. 7 sets of individual and bulk milk samples (MSs) were analysed (n = 479, 479, 345, 80, 90 and 102) for SCC and L content. 3 sets were with cow (C) milk and 1 set with goat (G), 1 with sheep (S) and 1 with human (H) MSs. The relations in C milk were used as reference. SCC geometric means were markedly lower in C milk (62, 99 and 81 10³.ml^-1) and H milk (103 10³.ml^-1) as compared to small ruminants (G 3 509 and S 609 10³.ml^-1). The mean L values were lower in small ruminants (G 4.36% and S 4.42%) as compared to C milk (4.95%, 4.97% and in 1st lactation 5.10%) and higher in H milk (5.77%). L contents in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein correlated negatively to SCC (log SCC)) in all lactations (-0.36 P < 0.001 and -0.33 P < 0.001). L content in 1st lactation correlated with SCC markedly narrower than in cows for all lactations (-0.49 P < 0.001). The SCC×L relationship in G (White short-haired) milk (-0.35 P < 0.01) was in good relation to C milk and in S (Tsigai) milk (-0.51 P < 0.001) was markedly narrower as in C and G milk. Lower mean SCC in H milk as compared to G and S milk and comparable to C milk did not show significant negative relationship to L which was 0.08 (P > 0.05) for original SCC values. Surprisingly there was not found the SCC×L relationship in H milk which could be comparable to other mammal species milk. It could be caused by bacteriologically negative results in MSs with higher SCC (> 300 10³.ml^-1). As well as at C milk also at G and S milk and in contrast to H milk it is possible to use the SCC×L relationship for improvement of result interpretation and prevention control in occurrence of milk secretion production disorders in routine monitoring systems such as milk recording with individual MSs and milk quality control with bulk MSs. The quality of decision-making schemes in algorithms for practical monitoring of mammary gland health could be improved.

The objective of the three-year small-plot trial was to assess the effect of the weather of the year, forecrop, variety, form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and additional nitrogen fertilising on the yields and the content of N-substances of the malt barley varieties Jersey and Sebastian. The trial was carried out in 2006-2008 at the experimental site of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, the Žabčice locality. The Jersey and Sebastian varieties were grown after three different forecrops - winter wheat with ploughed down straw, sugar beet with ploughed down tops and maize for grain with ploughed down straw. The fertilising treatments differed in the form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and date of the additional nitrogen fertilising. As the sulphate form we chose ammonium sulphate (40 kg.ha^-1 N and 45.6 kg.ha^-1 S) and the same amount was supplied in the form of elementary sulphur; nitrogen was in the form of urea. A dose of 30 kg.ha^-1 of ammonium nitrate with limestone (ANL) was applied as additional nitrogen fertilising. The results show that the weather conditions of the respective years had an almost 94 % effect on yields. The very strong effect of the weather overshadowed the effect of the forecrop (3.8 %); the effect of the variety was only half that of the forecrop (1.8 %). The form of additionally applied sulphur and nitrogen during cultivation had a relatively little effect on the yields (0.2 %). The forecrop affected the content of N-substances most of all (47.3 %). The quality of barley grain is markedly dependent on the course of the weather of the year (40.1 %); the effect of the variety on the content of N-substances was relatively low (1.6 %). Applications of various forms of sulphur had a small effect on the grain quality (0.01 %), while the effect on additional nitrogen fertilising on the content of N-substances was 8.5 %.

The aim of the study was to compare a long term effect of oppositional fertilization methods, organic vs. conventional, on chosen soil chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from organic farms with at least 10-years history of organic management and from neighboring conventional farms. In total soil samples from 66 farms distributed all over Poland were collected. The following properties were analyzed: organic carbon (C_org), total nitrogen (N_tot), pH, exchangeable forms of P, K and Mg.
In general organic management resulted in slightly higher soil pH. Bigger differences were found in case of C and N content. Thanks to organic fertilization method in loamy and clay soils C content was higher by 13.5% and N content was higher by 20.3%. The same tendency, although not so marked, was found on sandy soils.
Conventional fertilization resulted in higher content of exchangeable P, especially on sandy soils. Almost the same content of exchangeable K was found on both farm types. Higher amounts of exchangeable Mg was found on organic farms on each soil type: sandy, loamy and clay. In the same time bigger disproportions of Mg content were found on organic farms (30-112 mg Mg kg^-1) than on conventional farms (30-87 mg Mg kg^-1).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage duration on amino acids content in potato tubers. Tubers of six cultivars were stored for 16 weeks. Crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The amino acid content was identified after acid hydrolysis; sulphur amino acids were oxidized with the mixture of hydrogen peroxide, formic acid and phenol. The essential amino acids index and chemical score was calculated. The whole egg protein was used as reference protein. The effect of storage duration and cultivar on the total amino acids content was found to be significant in all potato varieties. The level of the total amino acids contents was determined within the range of 80-87%. Similar downward trend was observed in crude protein. The essential amino acids index varied considerably among the potato cultivars, ranging from 42 to 57%. Sulfur amino acids and isoleucin were the limiting amino acids in all the investigated tubers.

This work is focused on determination of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) concentration in the digested sludge from the sewage treatment plant and the losses of this component during dewatering and drying of sludge. Drying of the sludge from wastewater treatment plant is not extended too much in Czech Republic. In this work, the AOX are monitored, because AOX is one of the limits restraining use of the sludge on an agricultural land. Another reason is technological demand for using the sludge in cement processing, because chlorine in AOX can cause decrease in a heat transfer effect in a cement kiln. It is clear from the results that both centrifuged and dried sludge from the sewage treatment plant Brno fulfilled limits for using sludge on agriculture land. They can also be composted, in case they meet other requirements. If not, it is a possibility of co-incineration in cement kiln. In such case, limit for total chlorine including the AOX is required too. This limit was not exceeded. Another aim was to calculate a mass balance of AOX during the centrifugation and drying processes. It was found out, that after centrifugation the main part of AOX remained in the centrifuged sludge (96.4 %). The rest was drawn-off with reject water. 60 % of AOX in the reject water were dissolved compounds. A similar situation occurred during the drying process. More than 99 % of AOX was bound in the dried sludge. The air and vaporised water contained such quantity of AOX, which corresponded with the amount of the dust in the air and the amount of particles of sludge in vaporised water.

This work give results from analyses of variety, growing site, year and storage influence on the ascorbic acid content by selected vegetables: carrot (Daucus carota L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nyman ex A. W. Hill), onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.) and leek (Allium porrum L.). The evaluation carried on during the years 2004 to 2006.
The variety influence on ascorbic acid was statistically significant by carrot, parsley root and also parsley leaves and by garlic. In carrots had late varieties Olympia and Tinga significant higher vitamin C content (more than over 60 %) compared to early to half-late varieties Delicia, Kráska, Stupická and Nerac F1. The growing site influence was significant only by parsley leaves and onion. The influence of the growing year was one of the most important factors, which influenced vitamin C contents in selected vegetables - except of carrot was this factor statistically significant by all sorts. Changes in vitamin C content in growing years were induced above all by different climatic conditions (temperatures and rainfall courses). Higher ascorbic acid content was by garlic in the year 2005, when lower temperatures during July were noted compared to year 2004. In parsley root and leaves, onion and leek was noted higher ascorbic acid content in year 2005, when average temperatures in August were as far as 2°C lower than in year 2004. In the case of leek could the increase of ascorbic acid in year 2005 result also from minimal rainfall during October in comparison with October 2004. By all storaged vegetables was noted statistically significant decrease of vitamin C after 30-days storage. The losses of vitamin C were highest in carrot (45 %), followed by parsley (25 %), garlic (24 %) and onion (22 %).
Vitamin C content was the highest by parsley leaves (1692 mg.kg^-1), parsley contained high vitamin C amounts also in root (515 mg.kg^-1). Leek varieties contained 281 to 297 mg.kg^-1 of vitamin C, garlic varieties 105 to 132 mg.kg^-1, onion varieties 94 to 104 mg.kg^-1 and carrot varieties 58 to 117 mg.kg^-1 vitamin C.

This article deals with the Competitive Intelligence perception with the regards of its relation to Business Intelligence concept. In this paper the author makes his own definition of Competitive Intelligence. Author describes his Competitive Intelligence concept based on state intelligence service principles with the difference that author takes in consideration only the usage of legal information sources and legal working methods. The basis for his Competitive Intelligence understanding is kept in comparison of the two different meanings of the word information. Author states for the Competitive Intelligence needs is necessary to understand the word information in not only its own meaning as objective entity, but is it also needed relate this information with receiver (analytics), who is able to interpret the content of the information based on his/her knowledge and experiences. This way the author understands the Competitive Intelligence as a prediction about future external environment situation. Further the author describes the Competitive Intelligence as an application discipline of systems theory. In discussion part is the attention paid to Competitive Intelligence units in advanced industrialized countries, mainly to Competitive Intelligence Center and Innovation Intelligence Center.

Contamination level by phtalic acid esters (PAE), such as di-n-butyl phtalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phtalate (DEPH), was detected in fodder samples from industrial fodder producers within the Czech Republic (CR) in 2007. Samples were taken from additives, premixes, and fodder base materials (n = 52). The highest phtalates concentrations were detected in samples including fat matrices of plant as well as animal origin. Concentration achieved level of 148.2 mg.kg^-1 in soyabean oil, 22.73 in coleseed oil, 12.22 in palm fat, 11.29 in fish oil, 23.32 in animal fat as summation of phtalates (DBP and DEHP). High levels of summation of both phtalates were also detected in vitamin samples within the range from 1.06 (nicotinic acid) to 32.74 (vitamin E) mg.kg^-1. The lowest concentration of DBP and DEHP sum was detected in samples from grain crops, fodder base materials of plant origin (wheat, barley, oat, corn) and it was within the range of 0.06-2.08 mg.kg^-1 of the original weight. Although concentrations detected in samples of plant origin are significantly lower than in fodder base materials of animal origin, it presents a serious discovery since cereals represent the biggest part in fodder mixtures for livestock.

The two-year field trial was established in May 2008 on light soil in the cadastre of Ratíškovice near Hodonín in an arid maize-growing production area. Prior to sowing selected soil conditioners were applied in experimental plots of an area of 864 m² as follows: zeolite (a mineral of high sorption capacity), lignite (the youngest coal containing humus substances) and the supplementary soil substance agrisorb (polymer organic compound capable of holding in its structure and subsequently releasing water) and they were incorporated into a profile of 0.15 m. Including the untreated control the experiment involved 4 treatments. The rates of the conditioners were as follows: zeolite - 3 l.m^-2, fraction used 1-2 mm; agrisorb - 20 g.m^-2; lignite - 1000 g.m^-2. Three types of clover-grass mixtures were sown: landscape mixture with an addition of leguminous plants (seeding rate 200 kg.ha^-1), regional mixture (100 kg.ha^-1) and annual mixture (70 kg.ha^-1). The aboveground biomass taken from an area of 0.05 m² was sampled in the stage of bud setting with three repetitions to each treatment.
In 2008 and 2009 the respective treatments did not significantly change the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aboveground biomass of the clover-grass mixtures. The differences in the contents of the macro elements were significant only between the individual types of mixtures and were due to their different botanical composition. Between the years 2008 and 2009 no significant differences were discovered among treatments in terms of the contents of P and K in none of the mixtures, but the Mg content decreased in the second year in most treatments by 50 relative % and more. The contents of N and Ca increased significantly in the second year in the regional and landscape mixtures; in the annual mixture also the Ca content. The year-on-year differences however were seen also in the untreated control showing the apparent effect of the year. A longer period of monitoring is necessary if we are to achieve an objective evaluation of the effect of the applied preparations on the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass.

The monitoring of the contents of heavy metal pollutants: total Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn in fish muscle, water, bottom sediments and zoobenthos was realised in May and July of 2007 on two localities: Vladislav, upstream the Dalešice and Mohelno dam reservoirs (Czech Republic), and Hrubšice downstream them. Samples of fish muscle were taken from chub (Leuciscus cephalus), barbel (Barbus barbus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario). Water, bottom sediments and zoobenthos samples were taken as representative ones from both localities. The samples were analysed with the apparatus AMA 254, AA-300 and SPECTR AA-30. In water of both sites there was found above-limit (0.1 µg/l) content of mercury (0.99 µg/l Hrubšice, 2 µg/l Vladislav). The bottom sediments in Vladislav were most contaminated by Pb (120.21 mg/kg) and Cr (164.90 mg/kg) and in Hrubšice locality by Ni (90.66 mg/kg). High concentration of Pb (25.84 mg/kg) in Vladislav and of Ni (240.90 mg/kg) and Cr (140.5 mg/kg) in Hrubšice was found in zoobenthos. In the point of view contents of heavy metals in fish muscle tissue, statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher content of Hg was found in barbel and chub from Vladislav (0.155 ± 0.012 mg/kg and 0.163 ± 0.064 mg/kg) in comparison with Hrubšice (0.073 ± 0.035 mg/kg and 0.095 ± 0.082 mg/kg) as similarly as the concentration of Cd in chub (0.062 ± 0.140 mg/kg at Vladislav and 0.006 ± 0.002 mg/kg at Hrubšice), whereas the content of Ni in barbel was statistically significantly higher at Hrubšice (0.175 ± 0.042 mg/kg) compared to Vladislav (0.050 ± 0.017 mg/kg). The last significant difference was found in Pb concentrations, when fish from Hrubšice were more contaminated (concentrations 0.155 ± 0.048 mg/kg in barbel and 0.182 ± 0.110 mg/kg in chub) than the same species from Vladislav (contents 0.050 ± 0.017 mg/kg and 0.064 ± 0.005 mg/kg). In theme of consumption risk of the muscle tissue of fish by FAO/WHO, the Hg was limiting factor at both sites. In the locality Vladislav provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) was 1.94 kg in barbel and 1.84 kg in chub. In the Hrubšice it reached 4.12 kg in barbel, 3.15 kg in chub and 5.51 kg in brown trout.

The wood is heterogenous material compound from substance of cell walls and air. It is colloidal capillary-cellular material with ortogonal anisotropy (Babiak, 1976). The wood has possibility to bound liquids and gases into the structure. Due to this the wood is hygroskopic material leads to changes in dimensions and volume of wood generating at adsorption and desorption of water molecules into the wood. The dimentional changes evoked by changes in moisture content (bounded water) during shrinkage and sweeling have the biggest importance. Shrinkage is making the linear dimensions, area and volume shorter and smaller (Požgaj a kol., 1997). Hygroscopicity and dimensional instability is possible to affect by drying or modification (Horáček, 2004).
Wood modification is a process where it causes improvement in material properties. Aimed changes in chemical structure of wood leads to change in material properties. The aim of modification is to reduce negative properties and to improve positive properties. Wood with changed properties has different parameters which it is necessary to investigate.
Plasticization as temporary modification of material properties leads to softer wood due to release of intercellular bonds mainly in middle lamela. It makes subsequent processing as areal compression possible (Bouajila et al., 2006). To ther plasticization is necessary to heat up the wood on the certain temperature. The microwave heating is very useful for this heating. It has smaller expenses and time consumption.
Pressing or areal compression perpendicular to the gain in radial direction presses the wood and makes it's density bigger. Areal compression is responsible for changes in submicroscopic, microscopic and makroscopic levels of wood structure. Changes in wood structure leads to changes in linear directions during shrinking.
Plasticizated and compressed wood has many of excellent properties, but it has some negative properties too that high temperature treatment reduces.
The aim of this article is to find and compare equilibrium mositure content, linear shrinkage in radial, tangential and longitudinal direction of the native spruce wood (Picea abies L. Karst.) with the same values of microwave plasticizated, areal compressed in radial direction perpendicular to the gain and high temperature treated Spruce wood.

The purpose of the paper is to describe development in de lege lata regulation of the tangible assets tax depreciation in the Czech Republic. The period under consideration was that since 1990. For the period 1990-2009 the legal state valid and operative as of December 31^st of the relevant year and in case of the year 2010 as of the state valid and operative as of June 30^th were taken into account. To obtain information on relevant de lege lata regulation, the computerized system of legal information ASPI was used. The results of carried out comparison are presented above all in tables and connected commentaries.
Even if the attention was paid only to one main selected category of property, it was necessary to approach to a description and assessment of only selected changes because of the extensiveness of the issue in focus. At the very beginning, the paper deals with the specification of the basic legal principles governing the Czech law. Subsequently the paper gives a description of the legal regulation valid and operative until 31^st December 1992 and the way of transformation to new rules stated in the Act No. 586/1992 Coll., on Income Taxes, as amended. Since 1993, this Act on Income Taxes has represented the basic legal standard regulating among others the issue of property depreciation. In relation to regulations stated in this Act, the attention is paid to the development in selected aspects. Namely the depreciable period, number of depreciation categories, determination of depreciable tangible property according to Section 26 of the Act on Income Taxes, depreciation rates and coefficients are involved. Besides, the paper follows also the main means of tax liability optimization due the course of the period under consideration.
After consideration of acquired results, one can observe that the most changes were realized on the level of relevant provisions of the Act on Income Taxes during the nineties of the last century. When speaking of present legal regulation, this one can be assessed as a relatively steady in relation to followed provisions of the Act on Income Taxes. In general, the trend can be assessed, from the tax-payers point of view, as a positive one. However, taking account of this conclusion, it is to stress that the paper is dealing only with a part of the issue of tangible property depreciation. For deeper analysis it seems to be useful to include other aspects, such as e. g. assessment of impact of changes in legal regulations in question on the tax base.

The effect of fermented pig manure processed on a bed of wooden shavings and fermented for seven days by larvae of house flies on the yield parameters of sunflowers have been investigated on Haplic Luvisol in the pot trial realized in vegetative cage placed on the territory of SAU in Nitra. The experiment consisted of six treatments (0, NPK, Manure₁, Manure₂, Manure₃, Veget). Treatments 0, NPK, and Veget were compared with the treatments Manure₁, Manure₂, and Manure₃, i.e. with fermented manure applied at doses of 4, 6, and 8 t.ha^-1.
The results showed that application of fermented manure resulted in statistically significant greater stem thickness, higher leaf chlorophyll content, composites and harvest yield of seeds. The plants appeared healthy. Increasing the doses of fermented manure resulted in greater harvest yield of achenes and fat content in them. The dose of 4 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure has proven to be insufficient.
Out of the tested doses of 4, 6 and 8 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure the highest achene yield has been achieved at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 but it was lower than the yield of the treatments fertilized by NPK fertilizers or Veget. From the viewpoint of achene yield quality (fat content) out of six variants the best parameters were achieved with the treatment where fermented manure at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 was applied.
The gathered data point towards the applicability and usefulness of manure processed by larvae of flies in agronomy. It is of note, that the manure fermentation period can be significantly shortened, whereby reducing the storage difficulties.

In an area with the differentiated extend of revitalization liming (1986-2002), soil fauna (Elateridae, Staphylinidae, Diplura, Protura) determined through the method of tullgrens (2005) was confronted with the actual soil chemistry (pH, soil exchange sorption, the degree of the sorption complex saturation by basic cations, C/N ratio, available nutrients P, Mg, K and Ca).
Athous subfuscus (O. F. Müller) and Dalopius marginatus (L.) accepted the broad extent of soil pH (2.8-6.15). The abundance of Elateridae and Protura was affected by soil chemistry and the content of nutrient elements while Staphylinidae and Diplura were without any response. Canonical analysis shows the complexity of applied factors whereas the environment showed a limited impact on the abundance of monitored fauna.

The paper evaluates the quality of model silages made of wilted grass biomass and treated with silage additives. Grass species used for the production of silages were Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare and Festulolium braunii harvested in the first cut at the stage of earing. The assessed grass species were wilted after the cut for an identical time 36 hours (2008), resp. 24 hours (2009). The treatment was made either with a chemical preparation (formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate) and/or with a biological inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus salivarius, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase). The amount of the chemical ingredient was 4 l.t^-1 and the amount of the biological additive was 10 g.t^-1. The biomass was after wilting ensilaged in containers whose diameter and height were 0.15 m and 0.64 m, respectively. After 60 days of ensilaging, the silages were assessed for pH, organic acids content, ethanol content and acidity of water extract (AWE); organic nutrients assessed in the silages were crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP) and digestibility of organic matter (DOM). Hygienic safety was assessed from the contents of zearalenon, fumonisin and aflatoxin mycotoxins. The high (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM) content in Festulolium pabulare silages indicates that the species tends to rapid wilting. The higher DM content reflected in lower biomass losses (P < 0.05). The lowest pH values (P < 0.05) were detected in silages made of Festulolium braunii. The fact relates to the higher content of lactic acid in the prepared microsilages. The use of ensiling additives affected the quality of extracts. Namely the application of the biological additive led to the increased content (P < 0.05) of not only lactic acid but acetic acid too. Titrable acidity was not affected by the ensiling additives. As to the emanation of ethanol, heterofermentative bacteria of lactic fermentation apparently took part in the fermentation process of the silages as well. While the evaluated forage species showed differences in the digestibility of organic matter (P < 0.05), the application of preservatives did not influence the content of organic nutrients. Fumonisin was not detected at all and aflatoxins were below the level of detection. None of the assessed factors had an effect on the content of zearalenon; in spite of the fact, an apparent tendency towards a higher content of zearalenon was recorded in Lolium perenne.

This work presents the results of a field experiment with tomato cv. Proton grown under water stress conditions and under well irrigated conditions. At the same time, the effects of Pentakeep supporting agent (consisting of aminolevulinic acid) was studied. The following characteristics of plant physiology were studied - specific leaf area (SLA), leaf water content (LWC) and leaf proline concentration.
The obtained results show a significant decrease in SLA during plant vegetation (from 190 to 165 cm^-2.g^-1). A decrease was also found under water stress treatment (163 cm^-2.g^-1), in contrast to the well watered control (184 cm^-2.g). LWC values ranged from 81 to 87 % in both seasons. A significantly important decrease of LWC was found in the stressed variant. Pentakeep application did not affect either SLA or LWC characteristics.
The level of proline in tomato leaves varied from 0.6 to 1.5 μmol.g^-1. The highly significant effect of water conditions resulted in the increase of proline content under water stress treatment. Although Pentakeep increased the proline content by 9 %, its effect was not of significant importance. The proline content was also influenced by the date of sampling.
The results indicate that physiological characteristics, such as SLA, LWC and proline content, are good indicators of water stress in tomato, proline content being a particularly reliable parameter corresponding to the actual water stress of plants.