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This paper is devoted to the possibilities of Economic Value Added index usage in the conditions of Czech food-processing industry and is trying to provide independent empirical evidence on the indicator's qualities. The EVA proponents attach to it a superiority compared to other common performance measures. The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between Economic Value Added, traditional performance measures (ROA and ROE) and ability of creation of shareholder wealth for food-processing firms in the Czech Republic. The way of intended comparison is not dissimilar to the main world studies, which are quoted in this paper. A critical point of the EVA's application in the conditions of Czech economy is a lack of good quality information from capital market, which at the same time, serve as an exogenous criterion for assessing the quality of the examined measures in the mentioned studies. In the absence of quality capital market information, a criterion for assessing the information content of performance measures suitable for conditions of Czech economy is developed in this paper. This also shows how to circumvent the handicap of the available data.
The intent of this article is fulfilled by providing a simple regression test of the hypothesis, that the EVA measure is more associated with improved shareholder wealth than traditional performance measures ROA and ROE. The results of regression analysis show higher quality information content of EVA indicator in the relationship to the ability of shareholder wealth creation than traditional performance measures. This fact supports the tested hypothesis as well as the conclusions of corporate finance theory, that from the theoretical point of view EVA is seen as a superior performance metric.

Ejaculate specific conductivity σ (S.m^-1) was measured for 10 breeding stallions. The set of measurings was performed three times for native ejaculate and three times for ejaculate stored for 24 hours at 4 °C. The average value of specific conductivity of native ejaculate was found to be 1.22 ± 0.11 S.m^-1, the same quantity for stored ejaculate was calculated to be 1.11 ± 0.11 S.m^-1. The values of coefficients of variation have been calculated for several quantities, and qualitative (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and sperm motility) and quantitative parameters have been compared by way of phenotype coefficients of correlation. Two dependencies, namely specific conductivity vs. sperm concentration (r_p = -0.79; P < 0.99) and specific conductivity vs. motility (r_p = -0.78; P < 0.99), have been evaluated as relevant and enabling supplementary description of stallion ejaculate quality by means of other (physical) quantity.

Educated university graduates are demanded by employers. Requirements of employers on graduates are high; most required are communication skills, decision-making skills, problem solution skills. Very often demand is graduates' willingness to further education, knowledge of foreign languages. The paper describes the opinions of students of Faculty of agronomics and Faculty of business and economics MUAF in Brno on the possibilities to deepen selected skills. Students of both faculties realize the necessity of further training. More than 96% of students consider the knowledge of foreign languages to be very important and prefer teaching grammar and conversation. Students evaluated the quality of teaching foreign languages at MZLU in Brno, too. Almost 40% of students of Faculty of agronomics and 70% of students of the Faculty of business and economics consider the teaching of foreign languages as insufficient. These negative views were probably influenced by a small extent of teaching languages during their studies. Communication skills represent another significant factor, and students evaluated the possibility to develop these skills, as well. 50% of respondents from the Faculty of agronomics evaluate these skills as necessary for practice and positively evaluate the development of these skills within teaching at MUAF in Brno. Positive evaluation of communication skills development was also found nearly in three quarters of respondents from Faculty of business and economics.

Biological efficacy of strobilurines (trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl) was evaluated to compare the effect of late treatments of apples against post-harvest diseases with the effect of widely used reference products (captan, tolylfluanid, dithianone, dodine). One treatment 3-4 weeks before the harvest was applied (1000 l/ha water). Tested and reference products were used in doses authorised in the Czech Republic against the apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Strobilurines effectiveness overcame all the products compared and showed an effect on reduction of weight decrease during the storage. In total 8 field tests were performed in 2000-2004 were efficacy, effect on fruit quality and weight decrease during storage was assessed.

Assesment of soil organic matter quality is one of the urgent problems of contemporary agriculture. Determination of humic acids (HAs) optical properties using spectroscopic techniques could be a reliable step for this evaluation. We followed differences in the functional groups of HAs preparations and showed correlation between optical indexes and fractional composition of humus. UV-VIS and SFS spectral lines and indexes were measured in mixture 0.1M pyrophosphate sodium solution and 0,1M NaOH, after filtration and appropriate dilution. Differences in the structural composition of HAs originating from different soil types were studied after isolation of HAs preparations using FTIR spectroscopy (KBr + HAs pellets, SRATR FTIR method). Results showed that studied HAs preparations could be divided into two groups. First group included HAs isolated from Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol with higher content of aromatic constituents and condensation degree. The second group were HAs isolated from Eutric Cambisol and Fluvi-Eutric Gleysol. They reflected lower content of aromatic compounds, lower condensation degree and more aliphatic structural groups in the HAs molecule. Linear correlation between fractional composition of humus and optical indexes (I₅₀₁/I₄₈₇, Q_4/6) was found.

The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of season and sires on profit and quality of embryos after superovulated treatment. Next we evaluated the conception rate after transfer of fresh and frozen embryos.
In 1991-2004 there were used the beef cattle.
Into the basic statistic evaluation it was involved 487 realised embryo recoveries and 2008 realised transfers in 1991-2004. Data for database were obtaining from ETprotocols - ET team Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotin, prof. Říha. The data processing was carried out by means of the common variation-statistical methods.
The best results were achieved in summer (suitable 3.68 ± 3.65; the ratio of the suitable and total: 59.3%) and in autumn (suitable 3.54 ± 3.80; the ratio: 54.48%) and the good results, little different from the summer and autumn results, were achieved in spring.
The average number of the recovered ova of the chosen breeds sires were variable (from 6.60 ± 6.17 in Blonde d'Aquitaine to 17.16 ± 6.66 in Charolais). The most of the suitable embryos was recovered in the donors inseminated by the Hereford breed sires (7.15 ± 6.42). It was evaluated the above-average conception in the Simmental breed (63.43 %).

In 2004 and 2005 we explored the effect of graded doses of selenium in the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) on yield-forming parameters (total plant weight, number of stems per hill, number of tubers per hill and hectare yields) in two varieties of potatoes of different vegetation periods. The content of selenium as an important anti-oxidant was monitored in potato tubers and tops. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite was applied in the respective doses into the soil before planting the potatoes. Samples for growth and chemical analyses were taken after 90 and 99 days of vegetation (variety Karin and Ditta, respectively). Increasing doses of selenium had a negative effect on most of the yield-forming parameters. With an increasing dose of Se the hectare yields as well as the number of tubers in the hill and total weight of the plant decreased. Chemical analyses were performed using the AAS method and showed that the concentration of selenium in the individual parts of the potato plant increased with increasing Se doses in the soil. The content of selenium in tubers of the variant Se₇₂ (4.13 mg Se.kg^-1 of dry matter) increased as much as 20 times when compared to the control (0.22 mg Se.kg^-1 of dry matter).

High-powered means of slaughter chickens production cause on certain individuals abnormal biochemical development of postmortal changes in their muscles. It consequently lead to interferences of sensory quality of the chicken meat. So called myopathies of the chicken breast meat occur in the low extent. It is typical variation in dark colouring of breast muscle.
Veterinary supervision confiscates chickens embodying myopathy by reason of sensorical unacceptable dark muscle colour. Deepness of colour is evaluated by adspection of veterinary supervisors. It is tendency leading to find out objective parameters for evaluating this sensual chicken meat colour variation. Incidence of the chickens with myopathy has been evaluating for 3 years in big poultry slaughter, therewithal high-quality chickens and chickens with perspicuous myopathy have been taking out of slaughter-line.
Electric conductivity values and pH values were measuring during 60 till 330 minutes post mortem in breast muscles. Aproximately 9 millions chicken was annually slaughtered and 13 thousands of them was confiscated out of the slaughter line by reason of myopathy. It amounts to 0.14 per cent of annually count of processed chickens. Myopatical chickens had significantly higher muscle pH values as compared with healthy ones. Healthy chicken muscles decreased on ultimative pH values aproximately past 3 hours post mortem. It means pH 6.03, and after 300 minutes decreased to pH 5.82. However, myopatical chickens values varied from pH 6.46 to pH 6.30.
Concurrently measured values of electric conductivity significantly corellated with pH values.
Whereto, it's predication of similarity chicken myopathies and dark, firm, dry (DFD) pork or turkey meat. Beyond unacceptable dark meat colour have disadvantage in poor post mortem acidifying of the meat and in consequence of microbial proteolyse. Significantly correlation between pH and electric conductivity values foreshadows on identification of myopatical chicken meat by means of conductivity measuring.

In this paper, an attempt at measure formulation of aberation in the set of results of soil analyses observed on chernozems within Soil science is presented. The statistical evaluation was realized based on the report results from separate districts. The chernozem (regardless of subtype) were chosen as suitable for statistical evaluation. The analysis of one character was calculated for the set of results in topsoil (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-60 cm). The comparison of average content in topsoil and subsoil was made by t-test. The significant difference is shown in content of humus (topsoil 2.61% and subsoil 1.86%), phosphorus (topsoil 8.31 mg/100 g, subsoil 4.75 mg/100 g) and kalium (topsoil 16.28 mg/100 g and subsoil 9.96 mg/100 g). There is no significant difference in other characters such as content of particles under 0,01 mm (topsoil 40.16% and subsoil 42.67%), exchange reaction (topsoil 7.03 and subsoil 7.00) and CEC - cation exchange kapacity (topsoil 23.74 mmol/100 g and subsoil 23.50 mmol/100 g). With respect to chernozems character it can be deduced, that in most of not anthropically influenced samples from mollic horizon the similar features were observed in both monitored depths. This presumption is supported also by observed differencies: humus content in topsoil was distinctly increased by addition of organic substances in organic fertilisers and by cultivation of perennial forage crops. The aberation was not observed in soil reaction. This fact could be interpreted by suppressor soil ability. Similarly, no aberation was documented in CEC. In view of quality/health of soils it is positive detection because both: exchange reaction and CEC are classified in basic soil characters. The maximal aberation was observed in phosphorous content in topsoil (with log-normal (extreme) distribution of results) and, somewhat less, in kalium content. Both characters are classified in most anthropically affected due to the addition of both components in fertilisers. Similar situation can be monitored also in the influence of humus content.

Effect of two mycotoxin adsorbents with different mechanisms of action were followed in 180 purebred and terminal combination boars reared in artificial insemination stations. The following parameters of boar sperm quality were investigated: volume in millilitres, concentration and motility, and numbers of pathological spermatozoa. When processing the boar semen, the dilution ration and numbers of AI doses were recorded. Compared were two preparations: in case of Preparation 1 the number of evaluated ejaculates was 1,037 while in case of Preparation 2 altogether 1,109 ejaculates were evaluated. Boars receiving diets with Preparation 1 produced more voluminous ejaculates (by 4.1 ml) and their concentration of spermatozoa was also higher (by 39 thous./ml; P ≤ 0.001). Dilution parameters were better as well and numbers produced of AI doses were also higher. In case of Preparation 2 the motility of spermatozoa was a higher while the numbers of sperms were lower. The obtained results demonstrated that a suitable adsorbent can show a positive effect on both quantitative and qualitative parameters of boar sperm.

The objective of this contribution is to interpret the impact of some abiotic factors on the germinability. Primarily was observed the stress that they cause on germinability and also on the energy of other perennial grass caryopsis' germinability. Withal there were considered differences in germinability of some perennial grass species, variances of strains and the influence of today's seeds dressing technologies, which are used to improve the germination.
The light factor has the biggest influence of all factors on germination of Agrostis stolonifera (Penn G-2, Providence), Poa supina (Supranova) and Poa pratensis (Julius, Julius PreGerm). All these species had germination evidential higher in the light, than in the dark. With species Poa pratensis (Coctail, Coctail Headstart) and Poa annua were not observed any essential variations between the dark and the light variants. Only with Poa annua there were reached noticeably lower values with variant in the light, where was used polyethyleneglycol, than in the dark. The analysis of variance demonstrated, that the biggest influence had the factor of stratification together with the light factor with Agrostis capilaris (Bardot) and Agrostis stolonifera Providence. With Poa annua there was established the biggest influence of the light factor together with the factor of the used medium.
The factor of stratification noticeably affected only the germination of Agrostis capillaris Bardot. The germination of Agrostis stolonifera Providence, Poa pratensis Cocktail, Cocktail Headstart, Julius and Poa annua was not noticeably affected by stratification. The reaction on the factor of stratification was with Agrostis capillaris Bardot in the dark adverse and in the light minimal. Poa pratensis Julius PreGerm germination was negative in the dark as well as in the light. With Poa supina Supranova it was not the most important factor, but still affected the germination significiantly.
The nitrogen nutrition, as the next factor, had positive affect with all variants. This could be explained with existence of the "gap detection" mechanism. Especially variants in the dark and with used stratification had affected theirs germination positively, when combinated with H₂O and potassium nitrate. The addition of potassium nitrate positively affected also the energy of germination.
With the lack of water factor was affected amount of germinated caryopsis and their energy of germination. Especially with higher water tonus was energy of germination and germination itself decreased. The only exceptions were these variants in the dark with the stratification factor. With these conditions was achieved the same or even higher quality of germination of variants, where PEG was added than was achieved with H₂O variants.

Red clover is the most important forage legume in the Czech Republic. It is an unassuming species to climatic and soil condition, is suitable for mixtures with grasses and it is above other grassland species in forage quality. The most serious problem of red clover in grasslands is its lack of persistency (2-4 years). Considering of red clover growing area on arable land decrease and area of permanent grasslands increases, becomes persistency of varieties important attribute. The persistency of all Czech varieties was evaluated on the basis of dominance proportion investigation after 3 winters. Assessed varieties were established in mixture with grasses (60:40%). Significantly most persistent varieties were Amos 4n (24.5%), Dolina 4n (20.25 %) and Radegast 4n (19.25%). Varieties of Alsike clover were not significantly different from varieties of red clover.

In general, the over sea height is cumulative factor, which can influence significantly the farm conditions. This effect consists of temperature (mean year temperature), rain (sum of rainfulls), sunshine (total period of sunshine) and so on, in terms of climate, which can influence the dairy cow keeping directly and indirectly. Direct effects can influence the welfare of dairy cows in terms of hot stress for example, which could decrease a mastitis resistance of cows or their milk yield in simply way. Indirect effects can influence the dairy cows and their milk production (milk yield and milk composition and quality) by typical kinds of forages and preserved rough fodders, by their botany composition and nutritional quality. In general it is possible to say, that increasing over sea height decreases economical efficiency of dairying. On the other hand the higher over sea height is sometimes linked with pastoral system of dairy cow rearing and nourishment and more often with possibility to ecological and biodynamical agriculture application. In the fact, the mountain and submountain localities are named as less favourable areas (LFAs) in terms of agriculture efficiency and sustainability under the Czech Republic conditions. Despite of above mentioned facts, the pastoral system of dairying plays very important role for tourism development in different countries such as Alpine or Scandinavien countries, Ireland, The Netherlands or in particular in New Zealand.
It could be very good to know the incidentaly possible impacts of over sea height of dairy cow rearing localities on milk quality, composition and its technological properties because of discussions about incidental dairy subsidies. Of course, in some countries including the Czech Republic, the governmental production subsidies or governmental environmental subsidies are partly linked with over sea height of localities of dairy farms, according to different calculation formulas as well.
The individual milk samples, feedstuff samples (total mixed ration (TMR) on feeding trough) and mean excrement samples were collected at seven dairy cow herds and two main milked breeds of cattle (in the CR) for three years. Bulk milk samples were collected as well. It was done two times per year in winter (February, Marz) and summer (August, September) seasons. The herds were localised in lowland (N; ≤ 350 m of o.s.h.) and highland (P; > 350 m of o.s.h.) areas. The breed effect (H = Holstein and C = local Bohemian spotted cattle based on Simmental breed) was good balanced between N and P areas. The milk yields of herds varied from 5500 to 10000 kg of milk per lactation. The different but typical varieties of nourishment and feeding systems of dairy cows were applied in the herds: N = alfalfa silage with maize silage; P = clover-grass silage, grass silage with maize silage and grass pasture as well. The concentrates were feeded according to milk yield and nutrition demand standards.
Investigated chemical-compositional, physical, health and technological parameters in individual milk samples were as follows: daily milk yield (ML; kg of milk per day); fat content (Tuk; g/100ml); lactose content (Lak; g/100g of monohydrate); solids non fat (STP; g/100g); somatic cell count (PSB; tis./ml); urea content (Mo; mg/100ml); acetone

The paper is focused on the performance measurement of the Support and Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Forestry (SGFFF) as a main instrument of a capital reinforcement of the Czech agricultural enterprises restructuring during the last ten years. New possibilities shaped up by the CAP exercise are evaluated as well. The principles of the SGFFF function from the point of view of agricultural restructuring and regional allocation of the financial resources as well as the reason why subsidy of the supported loans' interest rates have been employed are cleared up there. Results are discussed upon an analysis of the Fund activity. According to results of the analysis, it can be claimed that the Fund has became an important part of supports for agricultural sector. From the point of view of criterions of regional allocation of financial resources there was found out the level of supports has not been derived from the different natural and soil quality. The economic results and a high level of the prospectus have been used as main criterions for the decision-making system. The activity of SGFFF continues within the State Aid in the framework of the CAP EU and so that the loans for farmers are still more available for restructuring of the Czech agriculture and improving of its competitiveness.

The freezing point of milk (FPM) is an instant indicator of violated technological quality of raw milk, especially of dilution. FPM can also vary due to numerous effects associated with changes in milk composition and milk characteristics. Beside the effect of season, phase of lactation, breed, milk yield, sub-clinical mastitis etc. the impacts of nutrition and dietary or metabolic disorders are the most significant and the most frequent (GAJDŮŠEK, 2003). FPM is a relatively stable physical characteristic and due to osmotically active elements it ranges from -0.510 to -0.535 °C (HANUŠ et al., 2003b). Recently ŠUSTOVÁ (2001) studied the freezing point of milk in pool samples; she observed seasonal changes in FPM of mixed milk and the effect of different diets on FPM values. KOLOŠTA (2003) looked into the effect of grazing season on FPM. HANUŠ et al. (2003a) analysed possible effects of handling of milk components on FPM.
The aim of this work was to describe the relationship between FPM and milk components and the impact of breed, number and phase of lactation on FPM. We analysed 328 milk samples in total, out of which 137 samples were of Czech Pied cows and 191 samples of Holstein cows. The effect of number and phase of lactation was evaluated for both breeds together.
The greatest coefficients of correlation in total were found between FPM and lactose content (r = 0.600) and solids non fat (r = 0.523). Lower coefficients of correlation were found between FPM and milk fat content (r = 0.235), milk protein content (r = 0.260) and urea concentration (r = 0.256). These coefficients were considerably lower in Holstein cows than in Czech Pied cows. The coefficients of correlation between FPM and number and phase of lactation and somatic cells count were insignificant.
The total mean value of FPM was -0.534 °C. Breed statistically significantly (P

Aplication of hot-dip galvanized objects proves advantage full protection of steel components by zinc. Not only in industrial aglomeration but in this time ingeneral increased concentration of SO₂ can be observed. SO₂ and NaCl contribute to degradation of zinc protection in such a level that is necessary to provide protection of zinc cover against above mentioned corrosion activators.
The test results completly proved high duality of the anti-corroison protection of the duplex Zn + Komaxit. On the photos it is possible to observe that in the aggressive enviroment salt is the pernament still protection by this technological procedure out standing under aspect of life - extention of component and constructions elements. The pernament protection is essential from the point of view begining as well as the prognose of the coroison.
There is no doubt that expected of the anticorrosion quality of the protective Komaxit cover also very good mechanical charakteristics. Out of the test results it is clearly that the komaxit cover fixed on the protective zinc cover increase quality cover from the perspective of the functional as well as estetical.

Category of deferred income tax is a complex topic including the whole accounting system and the income tax. Calculation method can be time-consuming and demanding a high quality system of analytical evidence and a system of valuation and demanding the high level of accountants' knowledge. The aim in the theoretical level was to analyze process of calculation and recording of deferred tax. Importance of recording of deferred tax and the impact on financial analysis ratios was analyzed. Fourteen business entities were examined. Deferred tax recording is a legal way to reduce retained earnings a to protect of its careless alocation.

Harvesting by mashine was in CZ tested at bygones century (70^th). Tests rekord were bad (high share of leaf, detritus of concrete column, losses of berries).
Lasting fall of worker in agriculture and vehement growth floricultural surfaces - vineyard (somewhere 19.000 hectare), requires complex rationalization and mechanization of all works stages which needs needlework. Harvisting in viniculture needs perhaps 30% of all working time (200-250 o'clock on 1 hectare). Incidence thereof begun most of bigger producers in our country with mechanical harvisting. Technical performance of this machines turn up. There are not available data about costs and their work quality.
The benefit deal with classification of mechanical harvesting (juice adhering, berries lost, damage of vineyard) transaction by the help of semi-trailer and self-propelled harvesters.

The research was executed on 24 high yield dairy cows divided into three groups (n = 8). There was the control group (I) that the propylene glycol wasn't given to cows, group II - the cows received 250 ml/day/per head of the propylene glycol, and the group III ─ the cows received 500 ml/day per head of the propylene glycol. The preparation was administered to cows per os beginning from 2 weeks before parturition to the end of the third week of lactation. During the research the condition of animals was estimated by BCS method, the daily yield was recorded, and analyses of the milk and colostrum composition were performed. The propylene glycol lightened the decrease of cows' condition during entering at the peak of lactation. The higher dose (500 ml) was more profitable, because it had an influence on the content of the colostrum components, low urea level in milk as well as on daily yield, which was higher of about 3.64 kg while the preparation was given, in comparison to the control group. In the 3^rd week of lactation the low level of somatic cells in milk of cows that received the preparation was stated. In conclusion, our study revealed a great positive effect of propylene glycol given to the cows shortly before and after parturition on their body condition and a less significant effect on colostrum quality and milk yield.

The object of this work was to verify influence of feed and surroundings on lipids content and fatty acids spectrum in musculature of European catfish (Silurus glanis) cultivated in intensive conditions. Within years 2000-2002 feeding tests with European catfish of initial weight from 60 to 500 grams were executed. For rearing of fish recirculation system at Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno and facility of farm in Tisová (Czech Fisheries Company, s.r.o. of Marianské Lázně) using flow through system warmed by water from the Tisová thermal power plant were used.
Feeds for salmonid fish with differential protein (35-48,5 %) and lipid (13-26%) content were tested. The temperature of water in all fluctuated was from 17-26 °C. Frequency of feeding was three times a day. Quantity of feeding dose varied depending on weight of fish from 1 to 2 % of weight of stocking rate.
Spectrum of fatty acids in used feeds corresponds to composition of fatty acids in musculature of European catfish (Silurus glanis). This spectrum is influenced by quality of used components during feed production; breeding surroundings did not show any influence on spectrum of fatty acids in musculature of fish. SFA content was in range 27-32,60 %. Rate n-3/n-6 PUFA was highest in trial TISOVÁ 2001 (3,78). When compared Aqualife 17 feed, the narrowest rate n-3/n-6 PUFA (1,19) was found out in recirculation system in during the year 2000.
Dry matter in musculature of European catfish (Silurus glanis) fluctuated in range 16,03-26,34 %. Fat content varied from 0,83-6,68 % depending on used feeding diet. Ammount of fat in musculature of European catfish is comparable or lower than data quoted in literature.
Comparing influence of breeding surroundings on fat content in musculature of European catfish, we found out, that European catfish bred in recirculation system reached in average higher percentage content of fat in musculature than fish bred in flow through system.

In the last decade we can observe increasing number of applications based on the Artificial Intelligence that are designed to solve problems from different areas of human activity. The reason why there is so much interest in these technologies is that the classical way of solutions does not exist or these technologies are not suitable because of their robustness. They are often used in applications like Business Intelligence that enable to obtain useful information for high-quality decision-making and to increase competitive advantage.
One of the most widespread tools for the Artificial Intelligence are the artificial neural networks. Their high advantage is relative simplicity and the possibility of self-learning based on set of pattern situations.
For the learning phase is the most commonly used algorithm back-propagation error (BPE). The base of BPE is the method minima of error function representing the sum of squared errors on outputs of neural net, for all patterns of the learning set.
However, while performing BPE and in the first usage, we can find out that it is necessary to complete the handling of the learning factor by suitable method. The stability of the learning process and the rate of convergence depend on the selected method.
In the article there are derived two functions: one function for the learning process management by the relative great error function value and the second function when the value of error function approximates to global minimum.
The aim of the article is to introduce the BPE algorithm in compact matrix form for multilayer neural networks, the derivation of the learning factor handling method and the presentation of the results.

The paper is focused on a description of the winegrowing and wine-production in Australia, a country, which is becoming a more and more significant producer and exporter of wine in the world, and has become a part of competitive environment of the winegrowing and wine-production industry in the Czech Republic.
Structural analysis of external environment is a part of strategic analysis of an industry, where one of the key parts is the analysis of competitive environment within an industry.
Winegrowing areas of Australia are nowadays located mostly in the colder climatic zone of Australia. In the 70-ies of the last century, there were planted new vineyards, in these areas, and the grapes from them have started to be used for production of quality-wine and the production of sweet wines and brandies have decreased. The most significant wine-production state has become the South Australia with the sound vineyards around the Murray River. The area of the productive vineyards has doubled, in the past seven years; most of the vineyards are under irrigation. The total grape production in the marketing year 2001-2002 was 1 514 501 t, where 56% were the blue grapes. In the marketing year 2001-2002, there was produced 1 220 mil. litres of wine and 416 mil. litres were exported., whereas in the marketing year 2002-2003 the exports amounted for 508 mil. litres of wine. Most of the wine was exported to the Great Britain - in the marketing year 2001-2002 it was 48% of the total exports. In 2003-2004, were exported to the Czech Republic 466 914 litres of wine, which is an 850% growth within the past four years. The average price of 1 litre of wine imported to the Czech Republic was 2.16 €, in the marketing year 2002-2003, and have grown by 0.28 € in the following year. Wine imports to Australia are decreasing from the marketing year 1997-1998. In the marketing year 2002-2003, the imports were 17 mil. litres of wine, for 81 mil €. Consumption of all alcoholic drinks recounted to the per capita and per year level is decreasing in Australia; from the marketing year 1977-1978 it have fallen by 26% to the year 1999-2000, but the wine consumption have grown by 43.6% in the same period.
The paper is a part of solution of a grant focused on analysis and definition of a long-term development concept of the winegrowing and wine production industries in the Czech Republic for the Ministry of Agriculture (NAZV QF 3276), and is also a part of solution of the research plan of FBE MUAF in Brno (GAMSM 431100007).

The proposal of scanning and digitizing of prong test samples used for casehardening of wood is provided. The measurement of magnitude and stress state of residual stresses is usually done by prong test samples. Recently the numerical approach of given problem is more and more applied. To verify the credibility of the model, the comparison with factual specimen is needed. Therefore, the optimal methodological approach and process of specimen digitizing is out of demand. There are two means how to scan the samples, (1) using the analogical camera or (2) scanner. Both means has bean tested. The results of scanning actual prong test samples show that application of scanner gives us more satisfactory outputs.

Modeling the body mass growth in fattened pigs by means of the exponential growth function enables to simulate the growth curve from three constants of the gender's, or the hybrid's combination, represented by their body mass phenotype: body mass at birth (G0) genetic limit of body mass (GLi) and the maximum body mass increase reached in the inflexion of the growth curve (dG max). However the expression of animal's genome to its body mass phenotype depends on the amount and quality of the feed mixture consumed and mainly on the fact how much of the net energy gained remains left for production (NEp), after the mandatory needs of the body maintenance functions are saturated. Only this amount of net energy for production may be deposited into the proteins and fats of the body mass increase (dG/dt). The net energy for production (NEp) is restricted; if a greater amount of net energy gained (NE) is spend, for compensation of the stressors impact (NE stx). The sum of particular stressor's action is expressed by stressor's index (STX) and indicates the proportional increase of net energy (NE) spend for the maintenance requirement of the animal (NEm). This contribution extends, the classic method of modeling the body mass growth, by the simultaneous modeling of the daily feed mixture intake (DFI) with the content of metabolizable energy (SMEF). The daily feed intake is calculated with respect to the impact of stressors on the net energy consumption. The setting of the model automatically increases the amount of the daily feed intake, so that the adequate amount of net energy for production will not be disturbed. The basic equation for the appropriate daily feed intake sounds as follow
DFI = (NEp + (STX + 1). BM) / (0,6 SMEF) [kg/d]. the BM=0,3.G^3/4 [MJ/d]
Details for calculation, of the net energy for production (NEp) from the input values of the body mass phenotype (G0, GLi, dG max), the content of the metabolizable energy in the feed (SMEF) and of the stressors index value (STX), are described. The validation of the method developed has been approved using the experimental data gained in the fattening of 33 pigs, both sexes, of PIC hybrid combination. The animals were fattened with the standard feed mixture TESTA in a controlled condition of stable's climate and appropriate stockbreeder's and veterinary care.

As far as the current state of the information and communication technologies usage is concerned, the information systems of the companies cover the major part of the transaction processes and the large amount of the processes at the level of the tactical decision-making.
Intensive implementation of the information technologies in many areas of the human activities cause gathering of the large amount of the data. The volume of the internal and external databases grows rapidly and the problem is to take advantage of the data they contain. But the problem is not only the growing volume of the databases but also the different and database structures. To get the new information from the large and incompatible database sources is possible but very inefficient. A manager often needs the information very fast to achieve competitive advantage and to solve problems at the level of strategic decision-making.
Another problem is the fact that the databases often contain information that is hidden there and there is no way known how to get this information out of the database. In this case, the user needs at least suitable tools in order to perform experiments and to explore and identify patterns and relationships in the data.
The transformation process of the data to information and to knowledge that is used in the process of decision-making is called Business Intelligence. Modern database tools offer wide support for building the data warehouse, OLAP analysis and data mining.
Our contribution focuses on the application of one of the data mining techniques such as neural networks and artificial intelligence. The application of those methods will be based on the assessment of the food quality and composing of the corresponding trend indicator.

At present, the usage of information systems increases in various areas of human activities, therefore it is necessary to put the emphasis on their quality and user friendliness. That is why new techniques of design, development and implementation of information systems are being sought. The author of the paper and her colleagues employ themselves in the domain of component oriented web information systems and their goal is to define the methodology for building this kind of system. The component boxing model was designed so far. It describes how to build-up the information system from the particular components at each level of the three-layer architecture in general. Within the individual levels, it is needed to carry out the detailed analysis of components and their dependencies. In the paper, the user interface is discussed. The page decomposition in particular components is analyzed in detail and the component types with relationships between them are sought. There are also terms as box, box content, box design, visual element, linked and doubly linked elements, elements linkage defined. Further way of this domain research that would lead in determination of the methodology for the information system development at the user interface and presentation level is shown as well as the integration of this particular task in the entire system development.

The paper describes wine market in the United States and in the California. The paper is focused on characteristic of winegrowing, wine-production, wine-consumption and wine export too. Export of California wine is growing and wine is exported to the EU for the first. We can expect to grow of interest of our consumers too. California wine will compete in high quality and low prices.
California is the fourth largest wine producer in the world after France, Italy and Spain. It accounted for $ 643 million in wine exports in 2003 from $ 537 million in 1998. Wine grapes were grown in 46 of California's 58 counties, covering 529000 acres in 2003. California produced 444 million gallons of wine in 1998 it is 90 percent of all U.S. wine production, making California the leading wine producing state in America. The California wine industry has an annual impact of $ 45.4 billion on the state's economy. An important California employer, the wine industry provides 207550 full-time equivalent jobs in wineries, vineyards or other affiliated businesses throughout the state. There are at least 1294 bricks and mortar commercial wineries in California. But the wine consumption is very low in California.
Because California together with South Africa and another countries that so-called New World are important producers with growing export, is very necessary to analyse these markets because they are great competitors for Czech producers. These problems solved in another foreigner markets Černíková, Žufan (2004), Duda (2004), Hrabalová (2004), Kudová (2005), Lišková (2004), Tomšík, Chládková (2005).
The paper is a part of solution of the grant focused on analysis and formulation of further development of winegrowing and wine-production in the Czech Republic provided by the Ministry of Agriculture (No. QF 3276), and it is also a part of solution of the research plan of the Faculty of Business and Economics, MUAF in Brno (No. MSM 6215648904).

Business subjects in any national economy perform activities results of which are products, services or goods directly distributed to the market network. Volume of products differs according to the level of operational facilities, number of producers and the level of their facilities. Based on the development of information technology, there arise new specialization fields and new ranges of goods. Classification criteria are developed to qualify level of production and for enlistment of a firm to a particular branch. Currently the criteria of production classification are being developed. The understanding of these principles is particularly important on the bachelor level of the specialization Trade Management, where students are getting acquainted with the characteristics of goods, creative and degradation influences on utility, etc. Students are encouraged to understand how the quality and criteria mentioned above influence market prices. Teaching emphasis is put on the complexity of food assortment and the knowledge of Czech and EU legalislation relating to hygienic aspects and health quality of production, processing, and selling of food products. This complex procedure enables to obtain an overall survey of the origin of particular products, their catering, and sales. This means that the students obtain an idea about the complexity of relations existing among the origin of products, their sales and their consumption.

In relation to entrance of Czech Republic to the European union and with wo-revolving harmonization of our law order with EU direction, happen to classification of composting meaning. In presents act there are two circle of problems. First is utilization of rising waste, the second is perfection of soil fertility and raising of enviroment quality.
The contribution deal with problems of modelling solution of place to biowaste composting and it's optimum placing, applied on concrete conditions of the Lednice-Valtice Area. The basis is placement of dominant producer of biowaste, their kind, quantity and season in relation to prescription of compost fill. The proposal of compost technology enable determine size of place and help solve its placing.
Circumscribed method is able to find practical exploitation at creation of place suggestion in real condition of existent areas.

The Czech Republic is part of integrated domestic market of the European Union and it is abided by rules of the Common agricultural policy for the common organization of the market for single sectors of commodities in case of agrarian products. All Czech commodities have free access on the whole territory of domestic market of the European Union without the tariff and non-tariff barriers. It was abolished the customs procedure, the proving of the origin and the founding of bonded warehouse and the paying of licence fee and charges for certification. The Czech farmers (vine-growers) can operate in stabilized business environment on the basis of definite rules of economic competition.
The Czech Republic within a regulation of an agrarian trade must manage common regulations of a horizontal character and vertical regulations for the sectors of commodities after the integration into the EU. The regulation is executed through the common organization of the market. The common organization of the market in wine is based on three principles - regulation of the supply, regulation of the wine quality and regulation of the market.
These rules are concerned with domestic market, when the commodities move within European Union and within foreign trade, when commodities are transported a frontier. The regulation of external agrarian trade, which is concerned with conditions of import and conditions of export, is executed through the so-called trade mechanisms. The import licence and export licence, export aid and guarantee belong among these mechanisms of regulation. The intervention purchases, sales, support of private storage and so on belong among basic tools of regulation of domestic agrarian market.
The paper is focused on an analysis of the problems of the common organization of the market in wine and its impact on the wine-growing industry in the Czech Republic.