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Objective of the paper is to point out selected patterns of Slovak consumers based on analysis of buying behaviour. Results of presented survey of consumer buying patterns and preferences have pointed out key characteristics of buying behaviour of Slovak consumers. We're able to confirm that new business companies as hypermarket and supermarket became main place for food shopping. Totally 72% of respondents indicated them as the type of store where they spend largest share of food expenses. The self-service shop, traditional business units, is still the shopping place for 14% of respondents. The most important factors influencing selection of the type of store are closeness and location of the store, assortment and product quality, store personnel and price level. More than half of the respondents consider opening times the key service for choosing the place for shopping. 49.6% of respondents is using car to do shopping, 35.5% of respondents walk. 32.5% of respondents is using advertising leaflets to plan what to buy. 14.6% of respondents answered that even though receiving leaflets, they don't read them. 31.3% of respondents are holders of loyalty cards. Most visited retail chain is Tesco.
Currently building of large-scale business formats slowed down and retail chains try to get closer towards customer not only by reducing floor space but above all by locating the stores in the centre of cities with lower population.

This article describes a comparison of various programs for the automatic supervised classification used for identification of forest tree species representation from the aerial photographs. These programs were represented by American software Erdas Imagine 8.4, Czech products LuciaG 4.0 and TopoL DMT 6.014. The study displays a minor production forest area with proportion of four most frequently occurring tree species - spruce, larch, oak and ash in the research area of the forest region around Bystřice pod Hostýnem, the Czech Republic. For the reason of lower quality of spectrozonal photographs it was necessary to use some corrections; such as highlighting pen techniques, namely Kernel Processor Low-Frequency and High-Frequency filters, belonging to space operations. Photographs, modified in this way, served for a construction of individual training sets, which were consequently used within individual classification methods of directed classification in each comparative software. Self-classification took place at the level of a particular tree species. Classification accuracy was determined by comparison of results and reference data from the terrain research.
The outcome is, that the best classification for oak and ash was in combination with TopoL program, classification according to gravity centre and combination of solation + insolation signature of the treetop parts with an aggressive shade.
On the contrary, for spruce and larch was the best classification in combination with software Erdas Imagine, classification roles of intervals mahalanobis with combination of solation signature of the treetop parts, along these tree edges with an aggressive shade.

The ponds of Lednice are situated in the area "Lednicko-valtický areál", which is included in the World Heritage List of UNESCO.
The aim of this essay was monitoring of seasonal dynamic zoobenthos development in the ponds Lednické rybníky over the years 2006-2007 and performance of qualitative and quantitative analysis of taken samples. The research was realized on ponds Nesyt, Hlohovecký, Prostřední, Mlýnský and Zámecký. Samples of macrozoobenthos were taken in monthly intervals. Qualitative studies of samples have shown 112 taxa of bentic macroinvertebrates in the localities mentioned above, 17 taxa were determined for the first time. Total number of benthic macroinvertebrates taxa known in the locality Lednické rybníky rose to 316 taxa. The values of macrozoobenthos density and biomass ranged between 22-15 667 ind.m^-2 and 0.05-40.2 g.m^-2, respectively.
With respect to the fact that only few researches with a focus on quality of macrozoobenthos in ponds of Lednice were realized, this research could bring supplementary information about the situation of benthic macroinvertebrates in the studied localities in new conditions of fish farming.

The paper deals with the yields of Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius and Festulolium-Dactylis glomerata mixture during the growing season and at the end of the growing season. The yields were assessed in the Bohemian-Moravian upland at 560 m a.s.l. A small-plot experiment was established in three repetitions. The assessment was made in three subsequent years. The experiment was annually fertilized with 50 kg.ha^-1 N, 30 kg.ha^-1 P and 60 kg.ha^-1 K. Evaluated were dry matter yields and RYT values (Relative Yield Total) in the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata. In summer, the sward was used either for one cut (harvest in early June) or two cuts (harvests in early June and late July). At the end of the growing season, the stand was harvested in October or in November or in December. Yields of the first cut in early June ranged from 5.90 to 9.12 t.ha^-1. Yields of the second cut in late July ranged from 1.05 to 4.60 t.ha^-1. Statistic difference between the species was significant (P < 0.05) in the respective cuts. Total yields of dry matter in the growing season ranged from 7.51 to 10.05 t.ha^-1. Number of cuts and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on DM yields. The mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an additive relation (RYT = 1) in the first cut and an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) in the second cut. At the end of the growing season, the yields ranged from 0.71 to 2.27 t.ha^-1. Average yields of one-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June) were at the end of the growing season 2.27 t.ha^-1 and average yields of two-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June and late July) were 0.79 t.ha^-1. From October to December, the yields were decreasing from 1.78 to 1.32 t.ha^-1. Species, number of cuts in summer, harvest date at the end of the growing season and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on dry matter yields. In the first two production years, the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) at the end of the growing season. In the third production year, the relation between Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata as expressed by the RYT value could be identified as synergic (RYT > 1).

During the years 2001 and 2002 we conducted hydrochemical monitoring of intensively managed pond to evaluate the impact of high pig slurry doses on eutrophication. Pig slurry application was carried out in colder period of the year (February-April) via tube system with sludge pump from nearby piggery.
Our results showed that pig slurry application do not permanently affect the water quality of Jarohněvický pond. When the correct application is made slurry is effectively utilized by biomass for the growth, which prevents surface and underground waters to be polluted as in the case of incorrect application on agricultural land.
Critical point of this technology in terms of water management is the way of pig slurry application and the exact dose. Even extremely high slurry doses (16.1 kg.m^-2 in 2001 and 15.6 kg.m^-2 in 2002) used in Jarohněvický pond did not negatively affected pond ecosystem. Only higher amount of organisms that increased natural fish production was recorded. It is necessary to implement this ameliorative intervention in colder period of the year considering higher hazard of variations in decisive hydrochemical parameters at higher water temperature.

The paper deals with the current situation on the tourism market in the Czech Republic that focuses mainly on the area of the relationships among the mediators of services. It specifies key problems in the legislation area influencing the protection of a consumer - a travel agency's client, and proposes a suggestion for a possible solution by creating a strategic partnership among travel agencies. The theory of a coordinated change in a company is methodologically used in the paper, and it is applied on the change of relationships inside the whole branch. The specific plan for coordinated change of relationships among the mediators of tourism services, as well as the creation of a model for a strategical alliance of travel agencies in order to increase consumers' protection and transparency of tourism market are also parts of the paper.
The crucial goal of the strategic change is gaining competitive advantages for partner subjects in the form of the offer of a differentiated product that will be supplemented with guarantee and information services. The membership in strategic partnership is a form of utilizing signalling behaviour which subjects on the market identify themselves with.
A strategic alliance represents a possible form of strategic partnership for coordinated change within the branch; a medium intensity of binding interconnection between individual subjects is typical for it. The label of such strategic alliance will serve as a guarantee of quality as well as extended services for consumers.

For prediction of future events, there exist a number of methods usable in managerial practice. Decision on which of them should be used in a particular situation depends not only on the amount and quality of input information, but also on a subjective managerial judgement. Paper performs a practical application and consequent comparison of results of two selected methods, which are statistical method and deductive method. Both methods were used for predicting wine exports and imports in (from) the Czech Republic. Prediction was done in 2003 and it related to the economic years 2003/2004, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, and 2006/2007, within which it was compared with the real values of the given indicators.
Within the deductive methods there were characterized the most important factors of external environment including the most important influence according to authors' opinion, which was the integration of the Czech Republic into the EU from 1^st May, 2004. On the contrary, the statistical method of time-series analysis did not regard the integration, which is comes out of its principle. Statistics only calculates based on data from the past, and cannot incorporate the influence of irregular future conditions, just as the EU integration. Because of this the prediction based on deductive method was more optimistic and more precise in terms of its difference from real development in the given field.

Resistance to lime-induced chlorosis is very important characteristic of grapevine rootstocks. Lime-induced chlorosis influence yield and quality of grapes. Evaluation of chlorosis resistance is very important for grape growing and breeding. The aim of this work is provide results of evaluation grapevine rootstocks to chlorosis. High resistance was show in Fercal. From the viewpoint of the resistance to chlorosis, the rootstocks registered in the State Variety Book of the Czech Republic can be ranked from the most resistant to the most sensitive as follows: Craciunel 2 - SO 4 - Kober 125 AA - Kober 5 BB - Teleki 5 C - Amos - LE-K-1.

Effect of addition 6% of linseed oil (designated L06), 6% and 10% of fish oil (R06 and R10) to feed on the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated. The basic feedmixture which was used as a control variant (K - 34% protein; 9% fat) and the three with oil addition (L06, R06 and R10) were fed to carp fingerling (43.25 g average weight) for 60 days - from 23^rd April to 20^th June. Before that the fish were fed for 2 month by whey grain and commercial feed for carp fingerling in pond fish-culture (KP feed mixture - 33% protein; 5% fat) at daily feeding rate 1.5% of actually fish mass. This procedure was intended to create feeding conditions closest to those witnessed in market fish farmed in ponds during the vegetation season nevertheless the spectrum of fatty acids present in the fish muscle at the experiment's beginning did not fully correspond to what was observed in carps living in ponds and fed by cereals.
An addition of 6% of linseed oil to the feed lowers the content of the oleic acid and MUFA and, at the same time, it boosts the contents of the α-linoleic acid, n-3 PUFA and the general PUFA in the meat of carp fed on mixtures thus enriched. Additions of 6% and 10% of fish oil to the feed for common carp increases the content of the eicosapentaenoic acid. The 10% addition proved beneficial for also the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. The high content of the docosapentaenoic acid and the general PUFA in the meat of fish as early as the beginning of the experiment resulted in a smaller number of significant changes in the spectrum of fatty acids (particularly the docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA and n-3/n-6 PUFA) found in the fish meat of the L06, R06 and R10 experimental variants.

In this work, the level of microbial contamination of pork and beef meat for processing of heat-untreated fermented meat products was monitored. In company providing samples for this work, meat was kept frozen for period of 6 days (144 hours), which was not effective due to the financialy expensive frozing storages. The relationship between meat freezing period and number of selected technological as well as hygienical significant microorganisms was monitored, with the aim to optimize frozing period to keep microbial quality of meat and meat products. Microbiological analysis of meat samples was performed before freezing of meat and after 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours of freezing. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out after 7 and 21 days of meat products storing period. Total number of microorganisms, total number of psychrotrophic microorganisms, yeast and fungi, coliforms, bacteria of the genus Enterococcus and bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae were detected. As from results, sufficient period for meat freezing was 72 hours. After this period total count of microorganisms as well as bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms bacteria and bacteria of the genus Enterococcus reached the level, which at next freezing was not influenced. Number of psychrotrophic microorganisms were growing by next prolonging of freezing period, above 72 hours. Numbers of yeast and moulds became almost unchanged during the whole freezing period.

The aim of this article is to analyse efficiency of sales channels in the time when new products are being launched. As the most suitable method for this analysis was chosen the method of mystery shopping because it can properly compare and measure the most aspects of sales process quality. The results of mystery shopping focused on sales approach of sales assistants showed significant differences in performance of external and internal sales channels in analysed time periods. At the moment there is no significant difference in the support of external and internal sales channels during product launches because it is perceived that both of these sales channels should be highly motivated to sell new products and therefore there is no need in this busy periods to split the effort into two individually designed sales supports. As depicted in the article it would be benefitial to change this approach since the potential of external sales channels is not fully revealed and used as much as it could be. Seeing the fact that all companies generate enormous pressure to launch new products with the highest excellency implementing diverse support should be one of possibilities how to achieve it. Description and explanation of differences in mystery shopping results in external and internal sales channels are used as a base for formulating an approach how sales and marketing efficiency during product launches in external sales channels could be increased.

In 2006 and 2007 samples of harvested grain were used to verify the possibility of distinguishing 12 winter wheat genotypes and of detecting impurities on the basis of polymorphism of prolamin kernel proteins. Uniform electrophoretic patterns were detected in genotypes of Athlet, Buteo, Dromos, Ebi, Etela, Florett, Livia, Simila wheat in 2006 and 2007. On the basis of the identity index two sister prolamin lines with different share, depending on the year of harvest, were discovered in 3 wheat genotypes (Astella, Brea and Hana). The proportion of sister gliadin lines in the Astella and Brea genotypes was the same in both years. There was only minor difference (± 2.5%) in the share of the sister lines in the Hana variety between the respective years, and could be influenced by environmental factors. A foreign genotype was detected in the Mona variety. The identity index of the impurity to the Mona variety (ii = 0.30) was considerably low. In the impurity the gliadin block Gld 1B3 was not detected, which is the genetic marker of rye translocation T1BL.1RS (the Sr31 gene of resistance to black rust, higher cold resistance and the marker of poor baking quality - presence of secalin genes). The results proved the potential practical application of the electrophoretic detection of polymorphism of prolamin proteins as markers of impurities of foreign genotypes in a seed sample.

The effects of a reducing agent (L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate), oxidising agents (inactivated dry yeast, L-tyrosine) and other two amino acids (L-threonine and L-tryptophan) on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough and its quality were studied. The addition of oxidising agents increases the values such as tenacity and decreases extensibility which were measured on the alveograph. From the consistograph values, weakening of the dough also decreases. While reducing agents increase the extensibility and weakening of the dough, they decrease its deformation energy. The addition of L-tryptophan caused a higher increase in tenacity of the dough but on the other hand a larger decrease in extensibility and deformation energy. L-tryptophan caused better stability of the dough. L-treonine was found to be an oxidising agent. The dough with L-threonine weakened rapidly and therefore fast preparation of the dough is necessary. It means that the time of mixing and dough proofing must be reduced.

Experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of three alternative dried organic, or organomineral, fertilizers on yield and quality of the early maturing cauliflower variety, 'Gameta'. Plots were established in Žabčice (South Moravia, Czech Republic) in 2005-2007. We used the following fertilization treatments: Agormin T, Agro, Dvorecký agroferm, cattle farmyard manure and solo mineral fertilizers, compared to an unfertilized control. All plots, except the control, were fertilized to achieve the same level of nutrients, as determined by the soil analyses and the chosen target yield. We assessed the following traits at harvest: weight of above-ground mass, marketable yield, head weight and head diameter. Levels of ascorbic acid, nitrates, dry matter and mineral ions (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) were measured in the heads. Agormin T significantly increased the weight of above-ground mass and total marketable yield. All organic fertilizers significantly increased head weight and head diameter in comparison to both the unfertilized control and mineral fertilizers. Ascorbic acid levels were not significantly affected by the fertilizers. The highest value of ascorbic acid was observed for farmyard manure, the lowest for Dvorecký agroferm. Dried fertilizers had no positive effect on ascorbic acid levels and total solids, as compared to farmyard manure. In contrast, Agormin T resulted in significantly lower levels of dry matter. Solo mineral fertilization resulted in the highest levels of nitrates in cauliflower heads. Fertilization with Agro and farmyard manure significantly increased the levels of nitrates in heads, as compared to the control, but all values were under the hygienic limit. The different fertilizer treatments did not have any significant effects on the levels of mineral cations. The dried granulated fertilizers Agormin T, Agro and Dvorecký agroferm were shown to be good alternatives to bulky farmyard manure for early ripening cauliflower. Only Agormin T decreased the dry matter content in heads.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seedling preparation technology (seedling flats with cell size of 20 ml, 40 ml and seedlings pulled from patches) and of seedling age at the time of planting (development stages of 3-4 true leaves and 5-6 true leaves) to the qualitative characteristics of seedling of selected cabbage species: white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC.) - Aros, Avak, Midor; cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. botrytis L.) - Beta, Delta, Rober and savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L.) - Vega, Versus. The diameter and weight of rosaces, resp. heads, was evaluated in the harvested production. After splitting the harvested crop into several groups, the percentage of non-standard portion of the yield was determined. The use of older seedlings (5-6 true leaves) for the white and savoy cabbage planting had a positive influence to both average yield and the harvest earliness. On the other hand, for the cauliflower conclusively better average crop of rosaces and earlier harvests were achieved with younger seedling transplanting (3-4 true leaves). Seedling flats proved to be the most suitable way of seedling preplantation; no differences were found between the characteristics of products cultivated from the seedling flats with 20 ml and 40 ml cell volumes. In average, smaller amount of non-standard harvest plant parts was, gained with the transplanting from larger seedling flats (40 ml cell volume).

The aim of my work was sensory analysis of organically produced fermented salamis and their comparison with conventionally produced salami. The products used in the analysis were: Bio Uherský salám with sea salt, Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt and conventionally produced Uherský salám. The following parameters were analyzed: slice appearance, texture, aroma and taste. The sensory analysis was carried out by 93 students, as part of practical exercises of a sensory analysis course. Samples were compared and significant differences (P < 0,01) were found in texture, slice appearance and colour. Both salamis of organic origin were firmer, slice appearance was worse and they had untypical colour. Bio Uherský salám with sea salt and Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt were more distinctive in taste and aroma (P < 0,01). During the analysis no factors were found which can negatively influence the general sensory quality of products. The best product was found to be conventionally produced uherský salám, but significant differences (P < 0,01) were found only between conventionally produced Uherský salám and Bio Uherský salám with kitchen salt.

The effect of N and P fertilization on the dry matter content, concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and their intake by the plant, production characteristics (achene yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production) and the content of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, palmitooleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) was evaluated in the one-year pot trial with sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.). Nitrogen application had a positive effect on dry matter production and increased N intake by plants as early as the beginning of vegetation (4^th true leaf). The effect of P on dry matter production was not markedly evident until the later growth stage (10^th true leaf). At the end of the vegetation period the weight of plants of variants fertilised with N only and variants where P was applied evened out. Achene yields, head diameters, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production increased statistically significantly after N application. Of all the monitored characteristics the increased level of P in the soil affected only the 1000-seed weight. The application of both nutrients did not significantly change the content of fatty acids.

The paper deals with problems concerning customers' satisfaction. It summarizes results of primary research focused on an analysis of fundamental factors, which shape clients' preferences, influence the level of satisfaction of transportation companies' customers in general and in transportation companies under study in particular. Altogether 49 % of respondents mentioned that the type of transportation means was the most important factor that influenced their satisfaction. As other significant factors influencing the satisfaction of respondents the following were mentioned: prices of transportation, quality of services during the transportation, respecting regular pauses during transportation, and the possibility of refreshments during the transportation. All companies that were addressed monitored the level of satisfaction of their customers (nearly 20 % did this every month). Each company that monitored satisfaction of its customers every year also developed a marketing plan of their activities. The paper also contains detailed results of conducted inquiries as well as the relevant discussion.

The biomass of dry matter (DM) and forage quality of a grass pasture in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic), situated at an altitude of 553 m a.s.l., was measured in late autumn and in winter in the period from 2000 to 2003. The semi-natural grass pasture was dominated by Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Elytrigia repens, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa spp., Agrostis tenuis and Phleum pratense. Biomass production and forage quality were measured in November, December and January after one preparatory cut in June or two preparatory cuts in June and July, and in June and August. Biomass of DM decreased from November to January and ranged, depending on the year and the number of preparatory cuts, from 0.37-3.13 t ha^-1 in November to 0.15-1.36 t ha^-1 in January. The biomass of DM decreased the later the preparatory cut. Organic matter digestibility decreased from November to January, ranging from 0.448-0.606 in November to 0.352-0.578 in January. A delayed preparatory cut resulted in an increased digestibility. Ergosterol concentration increased with the progressing autumn and winter, ranging from 40-111 mg kg^-1 DM in November to 110-265 mg kg^-1 DM in January. Lower ergosterol concentrations were observed after a late preparatory cut. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The length of the main use was observed to have a significant effect on biomass of DM, digestibility of organic matter and ergosterol concentration (P < 0.05) in all three years of the investigation.

Within the framework of hybridization of domestic prunes and black apricots (Prunus domestica L. x Armeniaca dasycarpa Ehrh.) altogether sixteen plants were obtained, of which twelve were identified as hybrids and were kept alive, the same as the variety Jibeck. In hybrids, various degrees of domination of morphological traits of domestic prune were observed. Traits of black apricot were manifested weakly in seven hybrids and in the other five and in the variety Jibeck more perfect, semi dominant. In latter the effect of double set of genes was manifested, which was brought into the zygote by unreduced microspores of the black apricot. Some important properties of unmodified status, such as resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, growth inhibition, yielding capacity, earliness, and high quality of fruit, were combined in these hybrids. The obtained hybrids are very interesting from the viewpoint of selection and breeding of new varieties of domestic prune, obtaining tetraploid and hybrid varieties of black apricot, and breeding and selection of individuals of ordinary apricot with some valuable traits of domestic prune.

The main goal of this paper was to create theoretical basis and find starting points for the audit of customer satisfaction on the service market. It focuses mainly on contemporary existing approaches to customer satisfaction quantification especially through indexes. The gained results will become the starting point for creating the consistent audit of customer satisfaction methodology on tourism service market applicable in the Czech environment. One part of the paper shows brief results of the performed tentative research that aimed for finding present awareness about the audit of customer satisfaction and about the frequency of its use by firms in the Czech Republic.

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha^-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

The paper analyses buying behaviour of Czech households on the market with footwear and cloths. It aims at factors influ, encing this behaviour, e.g. price, brand, quality, product attributes, habits, price reductions, advertisement, innovation and word-of-mauth. Primary data were obtained via survey of 727 Czech households by staff of the Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The paper provides results of correlation analysis and factor analysis. When making purchase decisions, households identify attributes and parameters of clothes and footwear as the most important factor. Due to factor analysis, factors were reduced into four comprehensive groups.

NIR spectroscopy making use of a near infrared spectrum offers wide using in a food quality control. This quick method allows the measuring of numerous samples with minimal usage of chemicals. Due this fact it is also used in quantitative analyses of milk composition. In this study we observed an impact of different temperatures of cow's milk samples on measuring exactness. The milk samples were taken from separate dairy cows and immediately refrigerated to 6-8 °C. Until the analysis the samples were deposited in the refrigerator. Just before the analysis on FT NIR spectrometer they were warmed to 40 °C and then cooled down in water bath to the temperatures 20 °C, 21 °C, 23 °C and 25 °C. Afterwards the samples were measured on Petri dish in reflectance mode with resolution 8 and number of scans 100. The spectres of samples were evaluated using calibration models for determination of solids and contents of proteins, fat and lactose. Observed measures were statistically compared within separate temperatures in relation to standard temperature 20 °C.

Besides chemical and microbial parameters of white yoghurts, other quality indexes are also one of sensorial features. Products introduced in market have to fulfil set criteria. One of them is minimum endurance time. Of course, even during this period certain sensorial changes appear which can influence customer choice at repetitional purchase. Samples of white yoghurts of different fat proportion from different producers were evaluated by qualified staff. Samples were given to the lab right from the producer and assessed on their production day. Changes of particular descriptors were monitored depending on length of storage and fat proportion during their minimum endurance time. Finally, results were evaluated and graphically expressed.
Almost at all monitored yoghurts their sensorical features got worsed. The most significant change was detected at those samples, where dried whey used for their production. At these ones whey was releasing, thus the yoghurts were of different taste. The best evaluation got white yoghurt (1) during all period of expiration containing just milk and vital yoghurt culture.

The contribution is aimed at the assessment of recommended crop management practices of chosen cereals for organic farming. To increase competitiveness, these practices are modified depending on soil and climatic conditions, and on a way of production use. Furthermore, impacts of the recommended crop management practices on economics of growing chosen cereals are evaluated and compared with economic results obtained under conventional farming. It is assumed that achieved results will contribute to the increase in proportion of arable crops in the Czech Republic where organic production offer does not meet current demands.
When evaluating results of growing individual cereal species in a selective set of organic farms, triticale, spelt and spring barley (in this ranking) can be considered as profitable crops. Moreover, triticale and spelt have even higher gross margin under organic farming than under conventional farming (by 62 % in triticale). Oat brings losses, however, it is important for livestock production. Winter wheat seems to be also unprofitable since less grain is produced at lower imputs per hectare and only part of it is produced in quality "bio", i.e. marketed for higher prices. Rye also brings losses under organic farming, particularly due to lower yields, similarly to the other mentioned cereals.
Special cereal species that are still neglected in organic farming systems are of potential use. Durum wheat has vitreous kernels with a high content of quality gluten which is used for pasta production. It can be grown in the maize production area on fertile soils only.

The paper is focused on the assessment of leaf extension rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR) and leaf senescence rate (LSR) in the Festulolium (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. × Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and in the Dactylis glomerata L. at the end of the growing season from the end of September to the beginning of December. In summer, the swards were used for a single cut (beginning of June) or for a double cut (beginning of June and end of July). Measurements were made in three periods from 14 Sept. to 11 Oct., from 11 Oct. to 29 Oct., and from 29 Oct. to 6 Dec. In the first period, LER was higher in Dactylis glomerata L. (3.770 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) than in Festulolium (2.376 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). In the second and third period, LER was higher in Festulolium (0.859 resp. 0.271 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) than in Dactylis glomerata L. (0.694, resp. 0.199 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). LAR values measured in Festulolium in the studied periods were 0.277 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1, 0.079 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and 0.038 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and LAR values of Dactylis glomerata L. were 0.225 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1, 0.054 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1 and 0.027 leaf tiller^-1 d^-1. In the course of the whole period of study, LSR showed the highest values in Dactylis glomerata L. (7.869 mm tiller^-1 d^-1, 5.947 mm tiller^-1 d^-1 and 4.757 mm tiller^-1 d^-1) while the LSR values of Festulolium were lower (2.904 mm tiller^-1 d^-1, 2.375 mm tiller^-1 d^-1 and 1.205 mm tiller^-1 d^-1). The influence of both the species and the period of measurement on the LER, LAR and LSR values was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) to very highly significant (P < 0.001). The interaction between the species and the period of measurement was very highly significant (P < 0.001) in the LER characteristic. The influence of the intensity of sward use in summer on the LSR values was very highly significant (P < 0.001), too.

In today's dynamically changing environment marketing has a significant role. Creating successful marketing strategies requires large amount of high quality information of various kinds and data types. A powerful database management system is a necessary condition for marketing strategies creation support. The paper briefly describes the field of marketing strategies and specifies the features that should be provided by database systems in connection with these strategies support. Major commercial (Oracle, DB2, MS SQL, Sybase) and open-source (PostgreSQL, MySQL, Firebird) databases are than examined from the point of view of accordance with these characteristics and their comparison in made. The results are useful for making the decision before acquisition of a database system during information system's hardware architecture specification.

High quality text preparing using computer desktop publishing systems usually uses line-breaking algorithm which cannot make provision for line heights and typeset paragraph accurately when composition width, page break, line index or other object appears. This article deals with enhancing of line-breaking algorithm based on optimum-fit algorithm. This algorithm is enhanced with calculation of immediate typesetting width and thus solves problem of forced change. Line-breaking algorithm enhancement causes expansion potentialities of high-quality typesetting in cases that have not been yet covered with present typesetting systems.

During the vegetative period of the year 2005 (June-October) we carried out hydrobiological and hydrochemical monitoring of selected ponds inhered in Southern Moravia in relation to different fishery management intensities. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, pH, conductivity and water transparency were monitored directly at taking place, N-NH₄⁺, N-NO₂^-, N-NO₃^-, P-PO₄^3- content and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured in hydrochemical laboratory. At the same time, water samples for taxonomical analyses of phytoplankton and assessment of toxin content of cyanobacteria were taken. All ponds were characterized by low water transparency, high values of pH, N-NH₄⁺, P-PO₄^3- and high chlorophyll a concentration. We detected maximum concentration of 18.7 µg.l^-1 microcystins in ponds dominated by the species Microcystis aeruginosa. Total microcystin concentration in water of all ponds with dominance of pikoplanktonic cyanobacteria were below detection limit (LOD < 0.125 µg.l^-1). The dominance of cyanobacteria species shifts from coccal (especially genus Microcystis) to small-colonial pikoplanctonic (genus Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece) and to single-filamentous (genus Planktothrix, Limnothrix, Pseudanabaena) cyanobacteria related to increasing fish stock density.