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In the experiment, the effect of additive on the fermentation quality of lupine was examined, by comparing with the untreated control. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturiy were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30-50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 L alone or with supplementation of feed additive (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 kg/tone forage respectively). The composition and as effective substances of this silage ingredient were dry whey (30%), maize meal (40%) and dry molases (30%). The silages fermented rapidly and changes in volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (P

The present work gives the results of the research of macrozoobenthos some running waters drainage areas of the Dyje River (southern Moravia - Czech Republic). Altogether, 762 taxa of macrozoobenthos were determined from the running waters of southern Moravia. Porifera (3), Hydrozoa (3), Turbellaria (8), Nematoda (14), Nematomorpha (1), Oligochaeta (60), Hirudinea (18), Bryozoa (5), Mollusca (44), Isopoda (2), Amphipoda (4), Decapoda (2), Hydracarina (17), Ephemeroptera (65), Plecoptera (55), Odonata (26), Heteroptera (3), Plannipennia (2), Trichoptera (128), Coleoptera (59), Diptera (243). Some taxa of macrozoobenthos are extinct unfortunately in running waters of Southern Moravia at present time. Another ones appear newly, for example snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum from New Zealand or Dreissena polymorpha from Pontic region. The data presented in this paper may serve as a basis for future monitoring of water quality and zoobenthos composition in connection with presumption of climate changes.

The main objective of this work was to evaluate influnce of transportation on the air quality using IAQ (index of air quality). The data from one of the AIM station were evaluated. The trend in air quality development in years 1996-2003 was described. In days with adverse IAQ values the probable cause of the phenomenon was determined. It is obvious that adverse IAQ values were recorded during these synoptic situations: centre anticyklone, wedge of high pressure, weak pressure field and warm sector of front systém. The most frequent was the centre anticyklone synoptic situation which is typical (mainly during winter) by air temperature inversion.

Somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of mammary gland health state. Lactose (L) can be reduced with mastitis and SCC increase. Mammary gland health is an essential factor of milk quality. Monitoring of mammary gland health is important for prevention and treatment of milk secretion disorders. The goal of this work was to analyse the relationship between SCC and L in various biological species. 7 sets of individual and bulk milk samples (MSs) were analysed (n = 479, 479, 345, 80, 90 and 102) for SCC and L content. 3 sets were with cow (C) milk and 1 set with goat (G), 1 with sheep (S) and 1 with human (H) MSs. The relations in C milk were used as reference. SCC geometric means were markedly lower in C milk (62, 99 and 81 10³.ml^-1) and H milk (103 10³.ml^-1) as compared to small ruminants (G 3 509 and S 609 10³.ml^-1). The mean L values were lower in small ruminants (G 4.36% and S 4.42%) as compared to C milk (4.95%, 4.97% and in 1st lactation 5.10%) and higher in H milk (5.77%). L contents in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein correlated negatively to SCC (log SCC)) in all lactations (-0.36 P < 0.001 and -0.33 P < 0.001). L content in 1st lactation correlated with SCC markedly narrower than in cows for all lactations (-0.49 P < 0.001). The SCC×L relationship in G (White short-haired) milk (-0.35 P < 0.01) was in good relation to C milk and in S (Tsigai) milk (-0.51 P < 0.001) was markedly narrower as in C and G milk. Lower mean SCC in H milk as compared to G and S milk and comparable to C milk did not show significant negative relationship to L which was 0.08 (P > 0.05) for original SCC values. Surprisingly there was not found the SCC×L relationship in H milk which could be comparable to other mammal species milk. It could be caused by bacteriologically negative results in MSs with higher SCC (> 300 10³.ml^-1). As well as at C milk also at G and S milk and in contrast to H milk it is possible to use the SCC×L relationship for improvement of result interpretation and prevention control in occurrence of milk secretion production disorders in routine monitoring systems such as milk recording with individual MSs and milk quality control with bulk MSs. The quality of decision-making schemes in algorithms for practical monitoring of mammary gland health could be improved.

Visual appearance of documents and their formal quality is considered to be as important as the content quality. Formal and typographical quality of documents can be evaluated by an automated system that processes raster images of documents. A document is described by a formal model that treats a page as an object and also as a set of elements, whereas page elements include text and graphic object. All elements are described by their parameters depending on elements' type. For future evaluation, mainly text objects are important. This paper describes the experimental determination of chosen document elements parameters from raster images. Techniques for image processing are used, where an image is represented as a matrix of dots and parameter values are extracted. Algorithms for parameter extraction from raster images were designed and were aimed mainly at typographical parameters like indentation, alignment, font size or spacing. Algorithms were tested on a set of 100 images of paragraphs or pages and provide very good results. Extracted parameters can be directly used for typographical quality evaluation.

The work is focused on characterization of selected physical properties of sewage sand from the waste water treatment plants. Sand is transported into wastewater mainly in areas with a combined sewerage system - principally in connection with rainfalls, in case of which it is transported through the sewerage system together with rainwater, but also (within smaller extents) due to leakages of sewerage systems or bad conduct of natural persons and legal entities. The main attention was focused on basic physical parameters such as content of total solid, ash free dry mass, density and granulometry. These material parameters are very often underestimated so the set of quality data is completly missing, as well as a background for designers of wastewater treatment plants. This paper should be quite useful e.g. for the purpose of technological equipment design in the region of South Moravia.

Production of industrial feeds for livestock and pets is an integral part of food products' production. Production of feeds thus shares in sales worth twenty billion CZK. The paper describes and analyses the basic external environment factors operating in this sector. Most important external environment factors were identified using Porter's model of five movement forces of competition within an industry. Threat of entry of new companies in the sector can be expected especially from abroad. Capital investments required in this sector are very high and therefore only imports of finished product can be expected or direct purchase of an already built operation. Existing manufacturers also have a competitive advantage in certain brand-loyalty and market position. An important force within the industry is represented by suppliers, quality and price of raw materials. Most important inputs for production of feeding mixtures represent cereals and an ingredient with oil seed, and the price of both commodities is rather unstable and is expected to grow. In the analysed sector there operate many companies, none of them having dominant position. Major companies are briefly described in this paper as MIKROP Čebín, VVS Verměřovice, ZZN Pelhřimov, Tekro.
Production of feed mixtures is significantly influenced by livestock development. Unfortunately, there is a gradual reduction in livestock numbers in all categories, above all pigs and cattle. Feed manufacturers should focus on the expansion of other parts of the market - feeds for pets, fish, etc. It is arguable that the role of substitutes in the industrial feed production is not high. Full-value substitute for the industry does not exist.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows' milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a difference in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The first group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuffs as well as milk were modified for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buffers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not influenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff. With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be recommended as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and typical amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein efficiency, composition and health indicators of milk quality.

Determination of humic acids spectral characteristics performed fast and convenient method for their quality evaluation. Humic acids (HA) were isolated from five different soil types (Luvi-haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol and Eutric Cambisol) and from compost. Basic soil characteristics were determined by commonly used methods. Fractional compositon of humus showed that humic acids content was decreasing in order: compost > Luvi-haplic Chernozem > Haplic Luvisol > Eutric Cambisol > Haplic Cambisol > Leptic Cambisol. Isolated humic acids preparations were characterized comparatively by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Elemental analysis showed the highest carbon content in Luvi-haplic Chernozem HA. The lowest carbon amount was in Eutric Cambisol. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detected elements in situ in HA molecule. All samples contained Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ca, K, S, P, Si and Br. Practically no differences in elements content between soil humic substances and compost were detected. The amount of aromatic carbon was higher in Luvi-haplic Chernozem to compare with other samples. Humic acids isolated from Cambisols, on the basis ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data, showed that all samples contained less aromatic carbon and significantly more aliphatic carbon.

Casein measurement is important for cheesemaking and control of dairy cow nutrition. Reference Kjeldahl method is not suitable for routine purposes. Infra-red spectroscopy MIR and MIR-FT use can be a solutin. However, their casein specifity is relatively limited. Aim of the work was to assess the quality of performed calibrations for validation of calibration parameters. A retrospective analysis of MIR and MIR-FT calibrations was performed for estimation of limits their suitable parameters. Mean casein values of reference sample sets varied from 2.49 to 2.7% (2.61 ± 0.155). Mean variation range was 0.561 ± 0.164%. The mean correlation coefficient of calibration (KKK) was 0.974 ± 0.018 (P < 0.001). The mean standard deviation of mean for individual differences (SDID) was 0.03 ± 0.011% (from 0.01 to 0.08). MIR-FT results were slightly better both for calibration and for proficiency testing. The high and low KKKs were higher in the case of accepted calibration as in proficiency testing for MIR-FT and MIR (0.986 > 0.964 and 0.970 > 0.948; 0.982 > 0.947 and 0.947 > 0.911; P < 0.001). The casein number varied from 79.4 to 80.56% in bulk milk samples in three years, its variability was low from 1.4 to 1.5% relatively, which shows on relatively reliable casein analyses by methods MIR and MIR-FT. It does not need to agree fuly for individual milk samples. It is linked more to MIR than MIR-FT. Limits for acceptable calibration parameters were derived: > 0.945 for KKK; 0.048 for SDID and 0.029% for mean difference as maximum.

Routine milk analyses using the efficient indirect infra-red method are important for the milk food chain quality. The reliability of the results depends on the calibration quality. It is important to use a relevant set of reference calibration samples (RCSs). RCSs with right range of values can be prepared using various methods. This paper was aimed to balance the impacts of dilution for decrease of main components in RCSs because of minimal change of matrix interference effects. Cow milk samples (MSs) were diluted (4/1) using distilled water, NaCl solution and a solution with specific composition (SC; because of disturbance in the balance of the milk matrix (NaCl 1.145; KCl 0.849; K₂HPO₄ 1.8463; citric acid 1.7; urea 0.3 g/l)) for reduction in main milk components. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), lactose (L), milk freezing point (MFP), osmolality (OS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in all (original as well as modified) MSs. The lowest MFP and OS were in the original milk -0.5559 °C and 274.5 mOsmol/kg. The MFP was increased to -0.4369 °C and osmolality decreased to 217.83 mOsmol/kg by the addition of water. The MFP was decreased (-0.4903 °C) and returned to original milk value by the addition of NaCl solutin. MFP was -0.4788 °C due to SC addition. The decrease was less than for NaCl. The ability of other SC components (K₂HPO₄, KCl, citric acid and urea) to MFP decrease is less than for NaCl solution. EC was highest for NaCl set 4.69 mS/cm, EC for SC was 4.48 mS/cm (P < 0.001). The original MSs set showed EC 4.27 mS/cm. The SC was the nearest to original MSs in terms of total mineral composition. ECs for both modifications differed (P < 0.001) from original MSs. The procedure is applicable for balance of interference effects of milk matrix because of relevant calibration.

Tourism is globally considered to be one of the most prospective and dynamic economic branches. However, with respect to highly competitive environment of tourism it has to be professionally organized and managed. The presented article aims to show possibilities of interconnecting marketing tools with the potential of spatial modelling with the objective of making decision-making processes in tourism easier and more efficient (for companies, clients as well as destination managements). The paper deals with the modification of the customer satisfaction measurement model in tourism with possibilities of spatial modelling tools. In the publication the ECSI model (European Customer Satisfaction Index) is modified for the area of tourism, with respect to the fact that the obtained values of ECSI indexes can be utilized as introductory data for spatial modelling. The potential of the ECSI utilization is seen as a tool for managing decision-making processes in the area of increasing the quality of tourism services by force of a detailed analysis and quantification of customer satisfaction. If we process the date about satisfaction from monitoring CzechTourism, and if we apply the use date on described ESCI model (the part satisfaction), we see, that the visitors are the most satisfaction with helpfulness (interval 73-87 %), namely in South-Bohemian, South-Moravian, and Zlin region, at least in Midle-Bohemian region. Obtaining own data and their following application and evaluation according to the modified ESCI model for all tourist regions will be the part of a follow-up research. The aim will be to summarize recommendations for individual regions in such a way that they have enough information for more successful utilization of their potential for the development of tourism.

This work contains the results of influence of water management in lowland region of the Dyje River on water biocenoses. Research was carried out in 1977-1984, when building of the three reservoirs were started. The effect of the newly built reservoirs on the biocoenoses of the reach immediately below it was mainly beneficial. Before the reservoir near Nové Mlýny was bulit, the fish population of the Dyje River was regularly threatened by poor water quality. After completion of the three reservoirs in 1989 the pollution brought by the Dyje River was largely removed by the purification processes in the reservoirs, so that the Dyje River became cleaner than it was. The better trophic conditions and water quality downstream of the reservoirs were reflected in increased fish catches and higher fish weights. The newly built fish passes make possible migration of rare fish species from the Danube River as far as to reservoirs the Nové Mlýny.

Besides agricultural primary production, the food industry and all other branches of the economy /services/ it is the information and communication technology used in retail that is one of the factors that markedly influence food retail. Therefore it is necessary to analyse the effect of electronic transactions that are used by food retail to attract and acquire other target groups of the consumers purchasing food. Though globally the retail companies (for ex. in Great Britain) invest in this technology heavily in order to increase their competitiveness on the market the food e-business in the Czech Republic has been more or less stagnating, though the recent years have been showing slight increase of interest in this form of shopping. This article identifies both the positive and the negative reasons of this situation. The technological level of computer network and its high accessibility proven by the fact that the vast majority of consumers can use internet for purchasing any kind of goods incl. food can be considered the positive reason. On the other hand the poor offer of food presented on the internet by retailers who - for fear of low demand for other kinds of food - focus mainly on beverages and dry food can be considered one of the negatives. The weakest point here is the timely delivery of goods in unchanged quality. Despite these facts the purchasing of food via internet can still serve well for busy or handicapped customers with limited mobility.

Groups of fatty acids (FAs) in milk fat can have positive and negative impact on consumer health. Profile of FAs could be influenced by dairy cow nutrition, breed, milk yield level et cetera. The question is what relationships the FAs could have to quality of milk products? Relationships between FAs and their groups to selected milk indicators were studied in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cows (64 bulk milk samples). There were 8 herds in 2-year investigation during winter and summer season. The relationship of saturated FAs (SAFA; 66.22%) was significant only to lactose (L) content (0.290; P < 0.05). The relationships of monounsaturated FAs (MUFA; 29.21%) to milk indicators (MIs) were insignificant (P > 0.05). The relationships of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, beneficial for consumer health; 4.53%) to MIs were narrower: fat (T, 0.321; P < 0.05); lactose (L, 0.458; P < 0.01); milk alcohol stability (AL, 0.447; P < 0.01); titration acidity (SH, 0.342; P < 0.01); cheese curd quality (KV, 0.427; P < 0.01); milk fermentationability (JSH, 0.529; P < 0.001), streptococci count in yoghurt (Strepto, 0.316; P < 0.05); total count of noble bacteria in yoghurt (CPMUK, 0.314; P < 0.05); streptococci/lactobacilly ratio (StreptoLacto, 0.356; P < 0.01). The relationships of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; markedly beneficial for health; 0.68%) to MIs were: T (0.379; P < 0.01); L (-0.542; P < 0.001); AL (0.266; P < 0.05); KV (0.411; P < 0.01); Strepto (0.260; P < 0.05); StreptoLacto (0.270; P < 0.05). The higher CLA levels were connected in this way with: higher fat content; lower lactose content; lower alcohol stability; lower streptococci count in yoghurt; lower streptococci/lactobacilly ratio in yoghurt. The PUFA and CLA representation decreased with L increase. Simultaneously some technological milk properties such as alcohol stability and fermentationability were slightly improved.

The effect of fermented pig manure processed on a bed of wooden shavings and fermented for seven days by larvae of house flies on the yield parameters of sunflowers have been investigated on Haplic Luvisol in the pot trial realized in vegetative cage placed on the territory of SAU in Nitra. The experiment consisted of six treatments (0, NPK, Manure₁, Manure₂, Manure₃, Veget). Treatments 0, NPK, and Veget were compared with the treatments Manure₁, Manure₂, and Manure₃, i.e. with fermented manure applied at doses of 4, 6, and 8 t.ha^-1.
The results showed that application of fermented manure resulted in statistically significant greater stem thickness, higher leaf chlorophyll content, composites and harvest yield of seeds. The plants appeared healthy. Increasing the doses of fermented manure resulted in greater harvest yield of achenes and fat content in them. The dose of 4 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure has proven to be insufficient.
Out of the tested doses of 4, 6 and 8 t.ha^-1 of fermented manure the highest achene yield has been achieved at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 but it was lower than the yield of the treatments fertilized by NPK fertilizers or Veget. From the viewpoint of achene yield quality (fat content) out of six variants the best parameters were achieved with the treatment where fermented manure at the dose of 8 t.ha^-1 was applied.
The gathered data point towards the applicability and usefulness of manure processed by larvae of flies in agronomy. It is of note, that the manure fermentation period can be significantly shortened, whereby reducing the storage difficulties.

Submitted article is focused on the problem of employees' remuneration. It investigates the importance of remuneration systems at management of companies. The article deals with factors influencing employees, their motivation for reaching company's goals, and with company remuneration systems as well. The observed topic was, is and will be still actual because increasing of employees' performance in connection with concurrent effort for quality employees maintenance is very demanding managerial task in every stage of company's development. Last, but not the least, it is necessary to realize that remuneration systems should lead not only to increase in company's performance, but they should support especially the reaching of company's goals. In present, increasing the value of company is possible to be considered as the highest company's goal. Increase of company's value can be ensured also by the means of value based remuneration as an important and effective tool of value based management. Because it is a tool which is relatively new and not experienced in the Czech environment, the focus is directed on it as well in the article. Then, the aim of the article is to provide complex view on the problem of importance of remuneration systems in small and middle sized companies in the South Moravian Region.

The effect of dried yogurt (Kashik) based on Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on broiler meat crude protein and fat content and tibial bone mineral composition was studied. The birds were fed diets including probiotics only during the first 21 days of age. The trial groups T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with 1, 3 and 5 % Yoghurt, respectively. The control group was fed with a commercial feed mixture. Breast muscules nutrition quality was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) with Kashik up to day 21. The highest difference was 0.25% (C and T3) in crude protein content and 0.15% in crude fat (C and T2). Also, leg muscles crude protein and fat percentages were not affected by probiotics up to day 21 of age. The values varied from 18.76 to 19.24% and from 5.77 to 6.54% respectively. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) in legs' muscles crude protein (19.05 and 19.92% in C and TI group) and fat contents (4.82 and 6.33%) were observed between the T1 and T3 group up to 40 days of age. No significant effects of probiotics were observed on breast muscles mineral content up to 21 days and 40 days of age. Leg muscles mineral contents were not affected with probiotics up to 21 days, whereas up to 40 days only leg muscles P and Mg content was affected (1.80 and 1.61 g.kg^-1 of P in C and T3 group and 0,42 and 0,44 g.kg^-1 in C and T1, in Mg, resp.). There were no significant effects of treatments on tibial bone Ca and Mg contents up to day 21. However, tibial bone P content was significantly affected. The addition of 3 and 5 percents of Kashik increased tibial bone P content significantly (98.5g.kg^-1 in T2, 97.0g.kg^-1 in T3) above the value of the control group (80.5g.kg^-1) up to 21 days of age. There were no significant differences between treatment groups and the control group in tibial bone P and Mg composition at day 40 of age. The values varied from 86.00 to 93.12% in C and T1 in P and 4.10 to 4.23g.kg^-1 in Mg content. Some significant differences were observed between the treatment group which was supplemented with 1% of Kashik and the control group in tibial bone Ca composition at day 40 of age (213.62 and 229.06g.kg^-1, resp.).

The article deals with the verification of the starting hypothesis of complementariness of the law of consumer protection and the law of intellectual property. In order to achieve that goal the author analyzes individual the Czech Trade Marks Act from the standpoint of protection of rights and interests of consumers.
The article follows the categorical requirement of a public law rule, the Consumer Protection Act, which prohibits deceiving consumers and establishes that deceiving may also consist in offering products and services unjustified designated by misleading trade mark.
The consumer is deceived most frequently when trade marks are used for designation of products and their promotion. The Trade Marks Act may be analyzed in relation to consumer protection first from the standpoint of consumer protection against trade marks misleading someone about the origin and quality of products and services designated by them. Then it is possible to examine the question whether requirements of a designation for being registered as a trade mark are at the same time those attributes of the trade mark which meet the declared intention of the lawmaker, i.e. that the trade mark should be a source of information for the consumer about the origin and quality of the product designated by it.
Especially, the article deals with an interpretation of the conception "Likelihood of Confusion" as the fundamental conception while judging the conflict with elderly trademarks applying for the registration into the list of The Patent Office.
A perception of an average consumer is a fundamental factor for a judgement of "Likelihood of Confusion" as results from the decision practice of The Czech Patent Office, Czech courts and The European Court of Justice. This is proof of the conclusion that rules of the Trademark Law are rules of the Consumer protection Law.

On existing conditions on global market (almost identical quality, almost identical purchasing values) companies have to definite the total rating of importance of evaluative criteria. In post-crisis period the problem of suppliers' evaluation is one of the biggest, because companies had to use all resources and all possibilities to develop their own business. Many authors wrote about collaborative planning and warehousing as one of possibilities to optimization work inside supply chain. For this paper define small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) as enterprises with the size of maximum 250 employers.
In literature was read we couldn't find information about own system of suppliers evaluation for small and medium-sized enterprises.
SME can have some different types of business and in this case need the universal system of evaluation. The research of this paper is oriented on small and medium-sized enterprises with different types of business. The new theoretical universal method of calculation for evaluation existing suppliers for small and medium-sized enterprises will present in this paper. This theoretical method is based on average values. This method includes traditional evaluative criteria (quality, delivery time) and other (mobility of supplier, possibilities of new level of partnership). This method of evaluation can not be used for continual manufacture. New method can improve the total evaluation of supplier in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Technological quality was studied of wheat flours from three varieties of Triticum aestivum L. (Arida, Meritto, Verita) delivered to the mill for three years (2007-2009). Physico-chemical parameters observed during the purchase of grain (STN 461100-2) were not significantly different. Also milled flours from tested varieties have by processors required ash content, gluten, acceptable Zeleny index, α-amylase activity (falling number), but as the rheological properties of dough from these flours show, these parameters are unsuited enough (un)suitability of material for efficient processing of flour. Rheological evaluation showed that each variety is suitable for different processing direction. Therefore, if we deliberately separate lots of purchased grain, not only by basic physico-chemical properties listed in the current standards (CSN and STN), but also by their rheological properties, which are important and reliable indicator of the direction of the end-use processing of wheat flours, the flours will be more likely to succeed in specific cereal technology. For the production of bread was satisfactory rheological properties of dough from variety Arida. Verita variety is suitable for processing into wafers, and a variety Meritto for producing biscuits and crackers. Verita and Meritto varieties so do not achieved the expected values of the rheological optimum for "classic" bread processing (bakery products) despite satisfactory gluten content and falling number to use this processing direction. Reported results show us the possibilities of more efficient selection of varieties or lots purchased grain of wheat for use in baking and buscuit industry by using rheological evaluation methods. Results were evaluated by analysis of data exploration (Boxplot, scattering graphs), classical nonparametric testing of hypotheses and the distribution of the data (Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, rates central tendency and dispersion).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle fibre diameter of bulls (n = 136), heifers (n = 38) and steers (n = 18). The influence of age at slaughter, weight at slaughter, net daily weight gain, SEUROP meatiness and SEUROP fatness on the muscle fibre diameter was observed. The group of animals included Czech Red Pied and its crossbreeds (F₁) with the specialized meat breeds (Charolais and Galloway), further crossbreeds of hybrid bulls. Bulls were slaughtered at an average age of 587 days and average weight of 610 kg. The average age of heifers was 644 days and average weight at slaughter was 550 kg. The highest average age was that of steers (689 days) and they were fattened to the average weight of 610 kg. The sample of musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (m.l.th.) was used for the analyses. The results showed that the muscle fibres were stronger in diameter in the negatively selected (culled) heifers (p > 0.01) as compared to the category of bulls and steers. Apart from sex we also analysed the effect of age at slaughter of the individual animal categories on the fibre diameter. We discovered that the diameter of the fibre increased with age. The fibre diameter of bulls of up to 530 days of age was 37.86 µm and at the age of more than 601 days it was 39.81 µm. The diameter of the muscle fibres was also affected by the pre-slaughter weight. At lower weights the fibres of all categories of cattle were finer. Of growth factors affecting the fibre diameter we selected the net weight gain which is the general indicator of the life-long growth intensity and carcass yield. The fibre diameter in bulls and steers increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) with increasing net weight gains. We also analysed the effect of the SEUROP classification of cattle carcasses and discovered a stronger correlation between the diameter of muscle fibres and meatiness compared to the classification of fatness of the carcasses.

The paper aims to introduce a synergic approach to the strategic marketing management, which appears to be a challenge with respect to enhancing competitiveness of industrial companies in a small open economy. The potential of these companies consists in managing relations with the key stakeholders, which by means of effective establishing, maintaining and terminating of the mutual relations leads to developing of marketing networks, enables more effective tradeability of their offers, besides domestic embracing also global markets. The success of these relationships depends on the quantity and quality of mutual exchanges and in particular on the strengthening socially and knowledge-based links. The theoretical principles underlying the synergic approach within the marketing management are closely connected with the present marketing concepts, a new approach to the value creating, effectiveness of marketing activities and will form a basis for research of the industrial companies within the Czech Republic with the orientation to marketing activities effectiveness and performance of the company. The methods used in the paper are secondary analysis of statistics, analysis of scientific and professional literature, reports and researches of authors. The scientific aim of the paper is to review of current situation in this area and to create theoretical basis for the research on the industrial market.

The objective of the three-year small-plot trial was to assess the effect of the weather of the year, forecrop, variety, form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and additional nitrogen fertilising on the yields and the content of N-substances of the malt barley varieties Jersey and Sebastian. The trial was carried out in 2006-2008 at the experimental site of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, the Žabčice locality. The Jersey and Sebastian varieties were grown after three different forecrops - winter wheat with ploughed down straw, sugar beet with ploughed down tops and maize for grain with ploughed down straw. The fertilising treatments differed in the form of sulphur (elementary and sulphate) and date of the additional nitrogen fertilising. As the sulphate form we chose ammonium sulphate (40 kg.ha^-1 N and 45.6 kg.ha^-1 S) and the same amount was supplied in the form of elementary sulphur; nitrogen was in the form of urea. A dose of 30 kg.ha^-1 of ammonium nitrate with limestone (ANL) was applied as additional nitrogen fertilising. The results show that the weather conditions of the respective years had an almost 94 % effect on yields. The very strong effect of the weather overshadowed the effect of the forecrop (3.8 %); the effect of the variety was only half that of the forecrop (1.8 %). The form of additionally applied sulphur and nitrogen during cultivation had a relatively little effect on the yields (0.2 %). The forecrop affected the content of N-substances most of all (47.3 %). The quality of barley grain is markedly dependent on the course of the weather of the year (40.1 %); the effect of the variety on the content of N-substances was relatively low (1.6 %). Applications of various forms of sulphur had a small effect on the grain quality (0.01 %), while the effect on additional nitrogen fertilising on the content of N-substances was 8.5 %.

In many product categories is one of the factors influencing consumer behaviour also the country of origin what is the main goal of this article. Consumers are influenced by their own origin, by experiences with domestic and foreign products and stereotyped ideas about quality and reliability of products from other countries. The results of many marketing studies have concluded that the evaluation of products is significantly influenced by knowledge of where the products were produced. However, when directly analysing the importance of country of origin in the purchase decision, buyers mostly minimize its impact. They want to look like logical or rational consumers who decide rather for more objective internal product attributes (taste, design and appearance) than the external factors, including the origin.

In the experiment, the effect of chemical (A) and biological (B) additiva on the fermentation quality of climper high moisture maize grain corn was examined, compared with the untreated control (K). The chemical means contained propionic, formic and benzoic acids and ammonium formate as effective substances. As effective substances of bacterial water-soluble inoculants, selected were bacterial strains of Propionibacterium shermanii JS and Lactobacillus casei LC-705. Both conservative preservatives were added equally to the ensilaged material. The addition of chemical additivum under conditions of our experiment increased statistically significantly (P

In the experiment was the effect of biological additive on the fermentation quality of crushed maize ears of two hybrids by comparing with the untreated control. The bacterial inoculant "A" contained selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122). As effective substances of bacterial water-soluble inoculant "B" were selected bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121), Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 12836), Lactobacillus brevis (DSM 12835), Lactobacillus buchneri (DSM 12856), Pediococcus acidialactici (P. pentosaceus) (DSM 12834). The addition of inoculant "A" in our experiment conditions increased statistically significantly (P

Caraway has very low competitive ability against most of weed species. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable herbicide control, especially at biennial caraway. The experiments with the herbicides applied in caraway were found in pure growth, with variety Kepron (with standard length of vegetative period). The aim of the trials was to find out the differences at achenes yiled and essential oil content after the treatment by the various herbicides, applied preemergently. Also, the selective activity of individual herbicides was tested, including the different doses. The herbicides used in the experiments had enough level of selektivity on the plants of caraway. They had a positive effect on the yiled comparing to non-treated control variant in all observed years. There was no statistically significant difference in essential oil kontent between the treated variants and non-treated control. On the basis of these results, the most suitable herbicide was chosen for the "minor" registration for caraway.

The aim of this contribution is the evaluation rye pentosans in the relation to protein content, Falling number, content of maltose and amylograph values. Population and hybrid varieties of rye were grown during 2003-2005. Trials were situated in three different locations of the Czech Republic - Hradec nad Svitavou, Krásné údolí and Staňkov. Content of pentosans varied between 6.60-9.21 %. The highest content of pentosans (average of the three years and three locations) achieved the hybrid variety Picasso (8.11 %), which had the highest Falling number (235.8 s) and amylograph maximum (625.5 AJ), too. The location Hradec nad Svitavou (8.21 % pentosans) was the best and the year 2003 (8.34 % pentosans) was the most positive.
The results were affected by soil and weather conditions which have influence on protein content. Between the pentosans content and the Falling number a high positive correlation (r = 0.523, P < 0.01) was found and nonsignificant negative correlations with protein content (r = -0.070) and amylograph maximum (r = -0.072). Remarkable difference in the Falling number and amylograph maximum between population varieties (Daňkovské nové a Selgo) and hybrid variety (Picasso) were found.