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Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant material (flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits and roots). Besides antibacterial properties, essential oils or their components have been shown to exhibit antiviral, antimycotic, antitoxigenic, antiparasitic, and insecticidal properties. In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with thyme and hyssop essential oils on physical and microbiological egg parameters were studied. Hens of laying hybrid ISA Brown (n = 72) were randomly divided at the day of hatching into 3 groups (n = 26) and fed for 41 weeks on diets which differed in kind of essential oil supplemented. In the first experimental group the feed mixture was supplemented with thyme essential oil addition 0.25ml.kg^-1, in the second one got hyssop essential oil the same dose of 0.25ml.kg^-1. The results suggest that the supplementation of thyme essential oil into laying hens diet statistically significantly increased egg albumen weight, egg albumen percentage portion (P < 0.05) and egg yolk colour (9.07^a, 9.47^b, 9.06^a; P < 0.01), compared to the control group and decreased egg yolk percentage ratio. However, the most of qualitative parameters of internal content egg were not with thyme and hyssop essential oils addition significantly influenced. Significant differences in microbiological indicators were found among coliforms bacteria, enterococci, total number count (P < 0.001), lactobacilli and mesophilic sporulating aerobes bacteria (P < 0.05).

The leptin (LEP-HinfI), leptin receptor (LEPR-HpaII) and heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP-HinfI) genes and their genotypes combination (LEP-HinfI *LEPR-HpaII) were tested for associations with the pH₁, pH₂₄, myoglobin content (mg/100 g), intramuscular fat content (%) and remission (%). The genotypes were determined in Large White, Landrace and Duroc breeds (n = 106, 56 and 4, respectively). The allele frequencies were: LEP-HinfI: C = 0.133 T = 0.867; LEPR-HpaII: A = 0.331 B = 0.669; H-FABP-HinfI: H = 0.745 h = 0.255. The populations of breeds were in the genetic equilibrium according to the χ² test in the tested loci. The combinations of LEP-HinfI and LEPR-HpaII were significantly associated with the pH₂₄ and remission. The H-FABP-HinfI locus was significantly associated with intramuscular fat content.

The aim of this work was to analyse the influence of certain characteristics (aptitude, age, carcass weight, net daily gain, feeding) on the final carcass classification in the SEUROP system. 703 Czech Fleckvieh bulls and 642 Holstein bulls were studied. The animals were slaughtered and evaluated at a designated beef processing company. Combine aptitude carcasses shown significant differences between characteristics. Remarkable differences of group averages (P>0, 01) were established between farms and they were due to various rearing conditions. Also the levels of net daily gain between aptitudes were proved significantly. Holstein breed showed significant difference among The net daily gain < 500 g.day^-1 and levels 551-600; 601-650 and above 651 g.day^-1. The SEUROP system is influenced the most by the feeding regime, which is described by a net daily gain in this work, and farm impact.

In 2006, a field trial was established in two localities. The first one was in Lednice (district Břeclav) at the experimental plot of the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, the second one in Stařeč (district Třebíč). As model plants, Acer pseudoplatanus and Quercus robur were used. TerraCottem, Agrosil LR and Hydrogel were tested as soil conditioners. Both species were planted in each locality. The plants were planted out on plots with soil conditioners mentioned above in 4 variants (including the Control variant without soil conditioners) and in 3 replications. Physiological parameters of plants were followed in the course of growing season using special equipment, viz. Porometer AP 4 (stomatal conductivity), SunScan AT (PAR) and Chlorophyllmeter CCM 200 (chlorophyll content index - CCI). Morphological parameters (i.e. length of shoots and dry mass of leafs) were measured to the end of the growing season. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the program Statgraphics Plus. The best results were obtained in the variant with the soil conditioner Hydrogel. The soil conditioners showed a significant effect on both morphological and physiological parameters of experimental plants. Soil conditioners under study eliminated the influence of abiotic stressors on Acer pseudoplatanus and Quercus robur.

The aim of this work was to quantify basic feedlot performance and carcass value characteristics of Holstein bulls slaughtered as "young cattle" at 300 kg of live weight. The observation was carried out in a group of 12 Holstein bulls fattened in identical conditions and fed on a diet consisting of ad libitum amount of crushed grain (barley and wheat) and a limited amount of protein concentrate.
The mean overall values were as follows: age and live weight at slaughter 275.9 days and 299.3 kg, daily weight gain and net weight gain since birth 0.962 kg and 0.527 kg, dressing percentage 48.3%, weight of cold right carcass half 71.0 kg, weight of bones 17.5 kg, weight of muscle 53.0 kg and separable fat 0.54 kg. The mean weight of hide was 21.6 kg. The great majority of calves were classified as O2, one calf graded R2. The forequarter to hindquarter ratio was 1.4 with mean weights 29.1 kg and 41.9 kg. The mean weight of neck was 3.9 kg, chuck 3.6 kg, shoulder 5.9 kg, fore shank 3.4 kg, loin 4.1 kg, filet 1.5 kg, round 18.2 kg and hind shank 1.3 kg. We found highly significant (P

Distribution can be defined as a way of goods from producer to consumer. In wine production industry there exist several distribution channels, through which wine is distributed to the final consumer. Aim of this paper is to identify and compare advantages and disadvantages of particular distribution channels for wine sales related to a small wine-producer.
Distribution of wine to the final consumer is done through dealers represented by retail chains, specialized wine-shops, hotels, and restaurants. In a smaller scale it is done through internet sales, own outlets and wine auctions. According to the research of Focus agency, Marketing & Social Research, done in 2009, customers buy wine mostly in retail chains and decide on sort and quality of wine directly at the moment of purchase. Selection is based except wine quality also on the shape of the bottle, etiquette, and also cork (consumers explicitly prefer cork, and the screw top rather discourages). Certain part of customers - specifically those, who are more acquainted with wine - buy wine in special wine-shops. The research shows a decrease of direct wine-sales.
When using services of independent trade organizations, producers have to control the intensity of commercial activities and knowledge of technical characteristics of products. Small wine producers, though, do not have to use this distribution channel, and can focus only on direct sales. For some small wine producers, specifically those operating in the areas with an extended possibility for wine-tourism, this channel can be more suitable and effective than using retail chains. This way of distribution does not require extensive start-up investments, it is directly dependent on producers own effort, and can be done as a supplementary activity to the main source of income.
Regardless the particular choice of a distribution channel by a small wine producer it is necessary to be judged not only from the viewpoint of its advantages and disadvantages, but also by a detailed analysis of costs of sales.