Fulltext search in archive

Defoliation of vineyard find between growers always wider exercise. The ground are ecological aspects and for ever growing title to qualitative character of production. Thrifty ablation of leaves from winegrapes zone, fulfilment in correct term highly effects on health of clusters and quantity of their contentual matters.
The aim of this work was monitoring of technic-economical parameters by 2 sets with defoliators. Furthemore was evaluated quality of their work in relation to quantity of involved bunches.

The study presents the results of research on the use of barley caryopses hardness for prediction of the malting quality. Grain hardness was determined by three methods: Particle size index (PSI), hardness according to Brabender (BRA) and grain milling energy (GME). The correlations among methods for determining the kernel hardness were estimated as well among selected technological traits of barley and malt and kernel hardness. Significant correlations were found among PSI values and Final attenuation of laboratory wort from malt (0.73*) a Glycidic extract (0.70*). Values of kernel hardness measured by BRA significantly correlated with Final attenuation of laboratory wort from malt (-0.80*) and Soluble nitrogen of malt (0.64*). Grain milling energy values were statistically significant correlated with Nitrogen content in malt (0.64*). The preliminary results confirmed the possibility to use kernel hardness for prediction of some malting quality traits. Further studies will be done on larger number of samples.

Field trials with winter rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) variety Rasmus were established in August in the years 2002-2004 at the experimental station in Kolíňany which belongs to the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In the experiments we explore the effect of supplementary spring topdressing of rape with nitrogen and boron in the BBCH 29-30 stage with regard to the yields of seeds and their qualitative parameters (TSW, content of oil and crude protein). In the experiment we applied DAM-390 (solution of ammonium nitrate and urea, 30% N) at a rate of 30 kg N/ha and Humix Bór (humic acids + N, K, B) at a rate of 0.240 kg B/ha. The different climate conditions in the respective years had a significant effect on yields of rapeseed and ranged as follows: 2003: 1.80-2.29 t/ha; 2004: 2.60-3.35 t/ha; 2005: 2.45-3.29 t/ha. The significant decrease in seed yields in the first year of the experiment was caused namely by the deficit in precipitation in January, February and June 2003 and high temperatures in May and June in the same year. In terms of the individual years and the three-year average the application of Humix Bór itself did not significantly improve the yield and qualitative parameters of seeds compared to the unfertilised control. In a three-year average the application of the N fertiliser alone or in combination with Humix Bór increased seed yields and the crude protein content by 22.4-30.7 % and 4.0-4.9 rel. %, respectively, compared to the unfertilised control. The significantly highest seed yields (2.98 t/ha) were achieved when the plants were treated with a combination of nitrogen and Humix Bór as compared to all the other treatments (2.28-2.79 t/ha). The oil content in seeds increased significantly to 44.1% only when treated with a combined application of DAM-390 and Humix Bór as against the unfertilised control (42.8%). Fertilisation did not change the TSW which ranged only between 4.47 and 4.67 g.

The work deals with the possibility of improvement of qualitative and quantitative parameters of caraway (Carum carvi L.). The yield of the achenes is not satisfactory during last years and qualitative demands are clarify in correspondence to the market. The possibilities of this variation can be found in growing technology and in variety spectrum. The influence of weather is inconsiderable. Therefore, the experiments with three varieties were found (PROCHAN, KEPRON and REKORD). They were cultivated in cover crop and as pure growth on three sites. The yield components were evaluated in all variants: the yield of the achenes from m², HTS (the weight of thousand seeds in g), the essential oil content in % and essential oil yield in kg.ha^-1. On the basis of the results from the experiments we can make following conclusions. The highest yield was recorded in Šumperk site with cover crop. The varieties did not affect the yield. HTS was different on the sites, the highest HTS had the achenes from Telč. The differences were determined between vegetative periods. Also the essential oil content, similarly as the HTS, was influenced by the vegetative period and by the site. The essential oil yield corresponded with the essential oil content and with the yield of the achenes. The vegetative period almost always affected yield and the quality of caraway fundamentally. There were no differences among the varieties for all studied traits.

The qualitative and quantitative composition of the macrozoobenthos in the middle course of the Dyje River downstream the Znojmo reservoir was carried out in the years 2007 to 2008. Altogether, 118 taxa of macrozoobenthos were determined in the section between localities Tasovice and Dyjákovice. The highest values of macrozoobenthos were found on the stony substrate with mean values of biomass and density corresponding to 25.4 g.m^-2 and 6 033 ind.m^-2, respectively. Lower values were determined on the sandy substrates with 5.8 g.m^-2 and 5 857 ind.m^-2, respectively. The index of saprobity on the locality Tasovice corresponded to betamesosaprobity (Si = 1.70), for the locality Dyjákovice the same index was (Si = 1.80).

The use of clover-grasses in the structure of fodder crops grown on arable soil, especially those with intergeneric hybrids as the main component part, could avert the negative current trend, i.e. further decreasing the area of perennial fodder plants or fodder crops as a whole on arable soil. They have an irreplaceable role in crop sequences and in preserving the cultural character of the countryside, above all due to the fact that they improve soil fertility and microbial life in the soil and that they have an excellent pre-produce value, and, at the same time, they are applied in various farming systems (both conventional and ecological) and in various climatic conditions, and agricultural businesses are well equipped for growing, harvesting and storing them. In the Czech Republic, the area of fodder crops grown on arable soil was decreased from 1,019.9 thousand hectares to mere 396.7 thousand hectares between 1980 and 2009, which is 15.6 % of the total area of arable soil whereas perennial fodder plants only take up 8.5 %. Fodder from clover crops and clover-grass growths on arable soil are one of the main resources of voluminous fodder for dairy cows. Most of this fodder is preserved through a fermentation process (silages, hay storage); a smaller part is fed as fresh fodder, or serves for production of hay. Silages made with perennial fodder plants are the most important source of both proteins and other nutrients for ruminants, especially for high-yielding milch cows. The basis of fodder production systems are the conservative elements of the landscape area (geomorphology) in combination with the progressive elements (weather conditions, plants and human labour) and relict ones, the representative of which is the soil. The fodder production systems in Europe are divided into five main fodder production zones. From this point of view, the areas where short-term clover-grass mixtures are grown on arable soil could be classed with Zone 4, i.e. intensive fodder production and cattle breeding. This characterisation corresponds with the Vysočina Region (the Czech Republic), which is the focus of our work even though extensive breeding can be found in this area on a smaller scale as well. Therefore, our aim was to verify the production and qualitative parameters of the fodder crops and mixtures included in the test in chosen agricultural businesses in the Vysočina Region and to recommend the most suitable variant for the given area. A statistically significant correlative relationship (P < 0.05) was proved between the net energy for lactation contents and the percentage of organic matter digestibility. The evaluation of the production parameters evidently shows the favourable influence of the grass component part or of intergeneric hybrids on the stability of dry matter yield per hectare as well as on the stability of individual nutrients.

In the years 1999 to 2001 in conditions of small-plot field experiments was carried out on loamy degraded chernozems at the Plant Breeding Station of Sládkovičovo-Nový Dvor to solve the problems of topdressing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.), variety Astella, with different forms of nitrogenous fertilizers. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6th leaf (Zadoks = 29). Four various forms of fertilizers were exemined: urea solution, DAM-390, DAM-390 + Dumag, DASA. Different weather conditions statistically highly significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen (30 kg N.ha^-1) caused statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.29 t.ha^-1 (applied of DAM-390) to +0.69 t.ha^-1 (applied of DASA) according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilized control variant represented 7.23 t.ha^-1. Nitrogen nutrition showed positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant with DASA and variant with DAM-390 + Dumag.