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Since the Rio Earth Summit sustainable development involving environmental, economic or human issues has been set as an important goal. There are a lot of measures that try to reach the Summit aim, among others Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) and Human Development Index (HDI). The aim of presented article is to bring more light into the spatial distribution of ESI and HDI in EU countries and find relevant relationship between these two indices.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I - 1077) addition in the diet of dairy cows on their rumen fermentation. Animals received a diet consisting of good maize silage with a higher dry matter content (18 kg), 6 kg of lucerne haylage, 5 kg of pea - silage, 3 kg of ensiled high moisture crimped corn, 1 kg of meadow hay, rape-cake 1 kg, brewer's grain silage 4 kg, and 8.0 kg feed mixture. The yeast culture was added to the mixture in the dose 2.8*10¹⁰ cfu/day and cow. The supplement of yeast culture showed a positive effect on ruminal VFA production by experimental group cows in comparison with control, higher production (P < 0.01) of acetic acid (58.50 ± 1.2583^b vs. 51.833 ± 2.409^a %), and lower production of propionic and butyric acid (24.667 ± 1.3744^a vs. 28.833 ± 1.863^b %). The average utilisation of ammonia was higher by cows in treated group (12.267 ± 0.754 mmol/L), but difference was not significant. The difference in number of protozoa of cows in the control and experimental groups was significant (P < 0.05) different (308.333 ± 24.390^a vs. 342.333 ± 10.9341^b ths /1 ml of rumen fluid).

The aim of this research was to estimate relations between temperature and humidity outside and inside of a permanently open sides barn for cows. This study was carried out in the period from February 1^st, 2009 to January 31^st, 2010 at a commercial dairy farm located in the South-Moravian region of the Czech Republic. During the study period temperature and humidity inside and outside the barn were systematically assessed. The research batch had 98 ± 3 cows. The barn had permanently open sides and during summer the main doors were mostly open. The cows in the research barn were of Czech Fleckvieh breed. The air temperature (°C) and humidity (%) were measured every fifteen minutes during the whole study period using 4 data loggers (HOBO technology; RH/Temp/), out of which were three (L1, L2 and L3), located inside the barn (Figure 1) and one (L0) outside the barn. The values of temperature-humidity index (THI) were calculated using the equation proposed by HAHN (1999). Mean daily outside and inside temperatures corresponded with each other, with outside temperatures always being lower than inside temperatures. The difference between the inside and outside temperature was lowest in March (0.01 °C) and highest in October (3.48 °C). Mean values of humidity outside and inside also corresponded; however, they were sometimes higher outside and sometimes inside the barn. The smallest difference between the inside and outside humidity was recorded in August (0.18 %) and the greatest in March (13.21 %). Mean values of temperature-humidity index (THI) inside and outside the barn also corresponded, with outside values being in most cases lower than inside values. The difference between inside and outside THI values was lowest in December (0.07) and highest in October (5.96). The mutual relationships between the values recorded by individual loggers were very close (including the outside logger). Slightly weaker was the relationship between L2 and other, both outside and inside, loggers.

The two-year field trial was established in May 2008 on light soil in the cadastre of Ratíškovice near Hodonín in an arid maize-growing production area. Prior to sowing selected soil conditioners were applied in experimental plots of an area of 864 m² as follows: zeolite (a mineral of high sorption capacity), lignite (the youngest coal containing humus substances) and the supplementary soil substance agrisorb (polymer organic compound capable of holding in its structure and subsequently releasing water) and they were incorporated into a profile of 0.15 m. Including the untreated control the experiment involved 4 treatments. The rates of the conditioners were as follows: zeolite - 3 l.m^-2, fraction used 1-2 mm; agrisorb - 20 g.m^-2; lignite - 1000 g.m^-2. Three types of clover-grass mixtures were sown: landscape mixture with an addition of leguminous plants (seeding rate 200 kg.ha^-1), regional mixture (100 kg.ha^-1) and annual mixture (70 kg.ha^-1). The aboveground biomass taken from an area of 0.05 m² was sampled in the stage of bud setting with three repetitions to each treatment.
In 2008 and 2009 the respective treatments did not significantly change the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aboveground biomass of the clover-grass mixtures. The differences in the contents of the macro elements were significant only between the individual types of mixtures and were due to their different botanical composition. Between the years 2008 and 2009 no significant differences were discovered among treatments in terms of the contents of P and K in none of the mixtures, but the Mg content decreased in the second year in most treatments by 50 relative % and more. The contents of N and Ca increased significantly in the second year in the regional and landscape mixtures; in the annual mixture also the Ca content. The year-on-year differences however were seen also in the untreated control showing the apparent effect of the year. A longer period of monitoring is necessary if we are to achieve an objective evaluation of the effect of the applied preparations on the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass.

A study was carried out during 2005 in the Maule Region of Chile (34.56°S, 71.5°W) to evaluate the effect of the co-application of Promalin® at different bud phenological stages and notching at different distances on lateral branching of three sweet cherry cultivars. Treatments significantly increased total feather length in comparison to the untreated control only in the case of 'Bing'. Total feather growth in these cases was more than double that of control trees. On 'Lapins' treated trees, total number of lateral shoots was in most cases significantly increased. In 'Stella' trees, total feather length and total number of lateral shoots were not affected by treatments.

The monitoring of the contents of heavy metal pollutants: total Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn in fish muscle, water, bottom sediments and zoobenthos was realised in May and July of 2007 on two localities: Vladislav, upstream the Dalešice and Mohelno dam reservoirs (Czech Republic), and Hrubšice downstream them. Samples of fish muscle were taken from chub (Leuciscus cephalus), barbel (Barbus barbus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario). Water, bottom sediments and zoobenthos samples were taken as representative ones from both localities. The samples were analysed with the apparatus AMA 254, AA-300 and SPECTR AA-30. In water of both sites there was found above-limit (0.1 µg/l) content of mercury (0.99 µg/l Hrubšice, 2 µg/l Vladislav). The bottom sediments in Vladislav were most contaminated by Pb (120.21 mg/kg) and Cr (164.90 mg/kg) and in Hrubšice locality by Ni (90.66 mg/kg). High concentration of Pb (25.84 mg/kg) in Vladislav and of Ni (240.90 mg/kg) and Cr (140.5 mg/kg) in Hrubšice was found in zoobenthos. In the point of view contents of heavy metals in fish muscle tissue, statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher content of Hg was found in barbel and chub from Vladislav (0.155 ± 0.012 mg/kg and 0.163 ± 0.064 mg/kg) in comparison with Hrubšice (0.073 ± 0.035 mg/kg and 0.095 ± 0.082 mg/kg) as similarly as the concentration of Cd in chub (0.062 ± 0.140 mg/kg at Vladislav and 0.006 ± 0.002 mg/kg at Hrubšice), whereas the content of Ni in barbel was statistically significantly higher at Hrubšice (0.175 ± 0.042 mg/kg) compared to Vladislav (0.050 ± 0.017 mg/kg). The last significant difference was found in Pb concentrations, when fish from Hrubšice were more contaminated (concentrations 0.155 ± 0.048 mg/kg in barbel and 0.182 ± 0.110 mg/kg in chub) than the same species from Vladislav (contents 0.050 ± 0.017 mg/kg and 0.064 ± 0.005 mg/kg). In theme of consumption risk of the muscle tissue of fish by FAO/WHO, the Hg was limiting factor at both sites. In the locality Vladislav provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) was 1.94 kg in barbel and 1.84 kg in chub. In the Hrubšice it reached 4.12 kg in barbel, 3.15 kg in chub and 5.51 kg in brown trout.

The subject of the Rájec project (the Drahanská vysočina Upland) consists in the analysis of ecological impacts of intensive management in spruce monocultures growing on original sites of beech. Long-term studies were aimed at particular stand and environment stages after clear-felling regeneration and at the origin of a spruce monoculture of the 2^nd generation. The establishment of the spruce monoculture can be considered to be most important. The highest attention was paid to the monoculture both from the aspect of carbon and nitrogen in particular components of the forest stand and their transport processes as well as from the aspect of water regime and biodiversity. The study was also aimed at the first stage of the clear-felled area development after felling a mature stand and also at functions of the herb vegetation, which reached its maximum production 4 to 7 years after felling. The paper objective was to assess spruce monocultures even outside their natural range from the aspect of changes in the forest environment as well as from the aspect of possible global changes of climate.

A restoration ecology is a branch and also possible approach to the protections of both nature and landscape which completes the conservative trends (conservation biology). An ecological restoration is a practical application of this branch which can be used in the restoration of ecosystems, coenoses, populations or sites disturbed or damaged by human impact.
An ecological restoration offers the interesting alternatives to technical reclamations of the localities disturbed by mining. It exploits the natural processes (mainly controlled and spontaneous successions) respecting the development of coenoses adequate to the locality. The degree of man assistance in restoration process can be different in accordance to many factors, such as origin of disturbance, time factor of restoration, costs, surroundings of the locality (ecological stability, species pool), estimated resulting dependability, sustainability of final coenoses, future function of the area, etc.
The local biocentre Hráza near Kroměříž was established based on the restoration project c. 12 years ago in exhausted gravel-sand pit. Some processes of ecological restoration were used there, predominantly a controlled succession - sowing of meadow plant species and plant transfer. Also regular management and monitoring were initiated. The results of monitoring of meadow phytocoenoses are presented in this paper. The inventory of plant species, abundance (according to Braun-Blanquet's scale) have been observed on the sample plots (established within the frame of controlled succession) during the years 2002 - 2009 (here the years 2002 and 2007 are compared). The abundance data of plant species in wetlands phytocoenoses from the same years are also compared. The inventory of forest phytocoenoses has been undertaken in the years 2006 and 2009. The monitoring enables us to rate the general success of the project, the realized achievements of (mainly) controlled succession and the regular management. The paper evaluates the complex development of the locality, warns the negative aspects and brings the recommendations for subsequent management.

Field trials with winter rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) variety Rasmus were established in August in the years 2002-2004 at the experimental station in Kolíňany which belongs to the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In the experiments we explore the effect of supplementary spring topdressing of rape with nitrogen and boron in the BBCH 29-30 stage with regard to the yields of seeds and their qualitative parameters (TSW, content of oil and crude protein). In the experiment we applied DAM-390 (solution of ammonium nitrate and urea, 30% N) at a rate of 30 kg N/ha and Humix Bór (humic acids + N, K, B) at a rate of 0.240 kg B/ha. The different climate conditions in the respective years had a significant effect on yields of rapeseed and ranged as follows: 2003: 1.80-2.29 t/ha; 2004: 2.60-3.35 t/ha; 2005: 2.45-3.29 t/ha. The significant decrease in seed yields in the first year of the experiment was caused namely by the deficit in precipitation in January, February and June 2003 and high temperatures in May and June in the same year. In terms of the individual years and the three-year average the application of Humix Bór itself did not significantly improve the yield and qualitative parameters of seeds compared to the unfertilised control. In a three-year average the application of the N fertiliser alone or in combination with Humix Bór increased seed yields and the crude protein content by 22.4-30.7 % and 4.0-4.9 rel. %, respectively, compared to the unfertilised control. The significantly highest seed yields (2.98 t/ha) were achieved when the plants were treated with a combination of nitrogen and Humix Bór as compared to all the other treatments (2.28-2.79 t/ha). The oil content in seeds increased significantly to 44.1% only when treated with a combined application of DAM-390 and Humix Bór as against the unfertilised control (42.8%). Fertilisation did not change the TSW which ranged only between 4.47 and 4.67 g.

The work is focused on quantification of influence of operation on flow properties of motorcycle engine oil. Three different kinds of synthetic engine oil (MOTUL) were tested, namely unused oil, run-in oil (650 km after engine reboring) and regular engine oil (6200 km of motorcycle operation). The samples were frozen to below zero temperatures and kinematic viscosity was continuously monitored in the range of -5 °C and +115 °C. Consequently, the kinematic viscosity at reference temperatures of 0, 40 and 100 °C was compared. Viscosity was measured by digital viscometer with concentric cylinders measuring geometry. The biggest difference occurred in case of lower temperatures where e.g. at 0 °C decrease to 29 % and 43 % of its original value was detected for used oil and run-in oil respectively. Flow behavior was modeled using several mathematical models -Arrhenius equation, exponential, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data was received in case of Gaussian fit with R² = 0.997 and 0.992 for run-in and used oil, respectively. The models are generally usable for description of rheological behavior of given engine oil.

This thesis is focused on preparation of basic elements of the National System for Support of Sustainable Tourism in the Czech Republic and on development of a methodology for ranking of selected tourist services from the sustainable point of view. Its result is planned to be used as a basis for real decisions potentially taken by the Czech government in near future.
The first part analyses and summarises existing approaches worldwide to sustainable tourism, potential benefits and different impacts of tourism in order to specify possible measures avoiding unwanted impacts later on. The need to change towards sutainability in tourism is based on analysis of different policies and documents and a summary of duties of the Czech government (national ones and international ones). There is also a list of the best experiences available how to promote, support and encourage development of sustainable tourism based on analysis of the World Tourism Organisation studies and recommendations, existing EMS systems like ISO, EU ecolabel or methods, approaches, criteria and indicators used by different labels.
Next part defines neccessary elements for successful system functioning in the Czech Republic, based on existing and working governmental and non-governmental structures not forgetting such important activities like information, education, marketing and motivation and sets expected responsibilities and roles of different potential partners participating on the system implementation.
Unfortunately, there is no one certified tourist business in Czechia according to ISO, EMAS or EU flower before end of October 2004. Main reasons are price, missing benefits and motivations for businesses. Therefore an self-assesment questionnaire for a small-scale accommodation is developed. This fits with the "easy to understand, easy to answer". This option is missing in the country and it is understood as a prestep to more sophisticated methods of measurment. The main sustainable criteria are set as "GUESTS", "NATURE RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT" (water, energy, green building, reduction of waste, soft mobility, biodiversity), "LOCAL COMMUNITIES" (culture, economy) and "FUTURE".
The Czech Republic needs to start to implement sustainable tourism policies in practice. It should be organised in wide cross-sector partnership co-operation of profession associations, consumer associations and under the official responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Ministry for Regional Development (responsible for tourism). This thesis has been published in a shorten form during the WTO conference for Europe "Public Private Partnerships for Sustainability Certification of Tourism Activities", taken place in October 2004 in Mariánské Lázně. Based on this presentation, conclusions and results of this thesis will be included in the project "National programme for Sustainability in Tourism". This project will be submitted in the Czech government by both above mentioned ministries before end of 2004.

Effect of addition 6% of linseed oil (designated L06), 6% and 10% of fish oil (R06 and R10) to feed on the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated. The basic feedmixture which was used as a control variant (K - 34% protein; 9% fat) and the three with oil addition (L06, R06 and R10) were fed to carp fingerling (43.25 g average weight) for 60 days - from 23^rd April to 20^th June. Before that the fish were fed for 2 month by whey grain and commercial feed for carp fingerling in pond fish-culture (KP feed mixture - 33% protein; 5% fat) at daily feeding rate 1.5% of actually fish mass. This procedure was intended to create feeding conditions closest to those witnessed in market fish farmed in ponds during the vegetation season nevertheless the spectrum of fatty acids present in the fish muscle at the experiment's beginning did not fully correspond to what was observed in carps living in ponds and fed by cereals.
An addition of 6% of linseed oil to the feed lowers the content of the oleic acid and MUFA and, at the same time, it boosts the contents of the α-linoleic acid, n-3 PUFA and the general PUFA in the meat of carp fed on mixtures thus enriched. Additions of 6% and 10% of fish oil to the feed for common carp increases the content of the eicosapentaenoic acid. The 10% addition proved beneficial for also the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. The high content of the docosapentaenoic acid and the general PUFA in the meat of fish as early as the beginning of the experiment resulted in a smaller number of significant changes in the spectrum of fatty acids (particularly the docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA and n-3/n-6 PUFA) found in the fish meat of the L06, R06 and R10 experimental variants.

During the summer time of 2005 the pilot study focused on analysis of rural areas (especially its human and landscape potential) was provided. There was choosed four villages in region Vysočina along Svratka and Fryšávka river (microregion Novoměstsko) as a model area. The study based on own methodological approach which follows indicators of sustainable developments over the time. This set is divided into four groups - landscape/environment, society, economic and demographic characteristics. There are four quantitative indicators of the SD in each groups. This basic set is completed by qualitative research (interwiews, questionnaire etc.). This approach can be used as one of the tools of regional development policy. The study was supported by Internal Grant Agency of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry.

Current results are presented of allometric yield estimates of the poplar short rotation coppice. According to a literature review it is obvious that yield estimates, based on measurable quantities of a growing stand, depend not only on the selected tree specie or its clone, but also on the site location. The Jap-105 poplar clone (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii) allometric relations were analyzed by regression methods aimed at the creation of the yield estimation methodology at a testing site in Domanínek. Altogether, the twelve polynomial dependences of particular measured quantities approved the high empirical data conformity with the tested regression model (correlation index from 0.9033 to 0.9967). Within the forward stepwise regression, factors were selected, which explain best examined estimates of the total biomass DM; i.e. d.b.h. and stem height. Furthermore, the KESTEMONT's (1971) model was verified with a satisfying conformity as well. Approving presented yield estimation methods, the presented models will be checked in a large-scale field trial.

New data on the morphology, biology and distribution are given for Stigmella irregularis Puplesis, 1994, a species described after several males from Crimea. A combination of black head, ochreous orange frontal tuft, creamy collar and scape, and hindwing black androconial scales are characteristic of the male. The female specimens collected by the present authors together with males, and described for the first time here, having the same morphological characters combined with the transversal forewing band, have been preliminarily attached to this species. Stigmella irregularis develops in the leaves of Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill., adults were collected near Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas, and other Pyrus species are also possible host plants. The indistinctly yellow larva forms a narrow, later only slightly dilating mine, with dropping accumulation in its first half. All other nepticulid species mining on Pyrus spp. show green or greenish white larvae. Judging from the occurrence of adults and larvae, the species either produces two or just one extended generation per year. It is known from Crimea, Croatia, Greece (incl. Crete and Rhodos), and Sicily; here it is reported from Croatia for the first time, and the first exact faunistic data are supplied for Greece.

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared.
Three types of 46 candivars¹, developed by A₎ recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B₎ polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C₎ geno-phenotypic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was average yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities how to reduce consumption of Diesel fuel on the one hand and to increase the performance of tractor aggregates on the other. Measurings were performed on a field with clayey-loamy soil, after the harvest of spring barley as forecrop and treatment of soil surface with disc harrowing. At the moment of measuring, the upper soil layer (till 10 cm) contained 16.5 % of humidity. Measured were the following parameters: consumption of Diesel fuel, engine revolutions, total time of ploughing, time of turning, depth of ploughing, and the swath of tractor aggregate. The specific consumption of diesel fuel Q_m,1 and the efficiency (performance) of the aggregate W₁ were calculated using the aforementioned parameters. The experimental tractor operated always with the full dose of fuel. Measurings were performed within zones A - economic revolutions of the engine (1 580-1 800 min^-1) and B - maximum working revolutions of the engine (1 800-2 000 min^-1). Basing on measured values it was found out that in zones A and B, the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus a combined cultivator Köckerling Exaktgrubber - Vario showed 9.1 % of fuel saving. Values of efficiency increased by 11.5%. For the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus the disc harrow Väderstad Excellent XT 620 the corresponding fuel saving was 17.2 %) while the value of efficiency increased by 7.2 %).

The objective of this study is to measure how the viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature. Six different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for motorcycle engines) of 10W-40 viscosity grade have been evaluated. Four of the oils were of synthetic type, two of semi-synthetic type. All oils have been assumed to be Newtonian fluids, thus flow curves have not been determined. Oils have been cooled to below zero temperatures and under controlled temperature regulation, kinematic viscosity (mm²/s) have been measured in the range of -5 °C and +115 °C. Anton Paar digital viscometer with concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In accordance with expected behavior, kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with increasing temperature. Viscosity was found to be independent on oil's density. Temperature dependence has been modeled using several mathematical models - Vogel equation, Arrhenius equation, polynomial, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data has been achieved for Gaussian equation (R² = 0.9993). Knowledge of viscosity behavior of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behavior of engine oils.

The occurrence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in gladiolus, iris, tulip and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in iris was investigated by examining the plants by the means of serological techniques (ELISA). ELISA was applied to determine the presence of BYMV, CMV, TRV infections in both aerial and underground parts of gladiolus, iris, and tulip, and IYSV on the aerial parts of iris, respectively. 262 gladiolus plants were tested. 63.7% was infected by BYMV, 29.4 % by CMV, and 2.7 % by TRV. Out of 180 plants of iris, 1.1% was infected by BYMV, 6.7% by CMV, 2.8% by TRV, and 0% by IYSV. Out of 28 plants of tulip, 28.6% was infected by CMV, and 7.1% by TRV. ELISA proved to be a suitable method for detection of viruses in leaves of these ornamental plants, but it often failed to detect viruses in flowers and corms. A high transmission of BYMV by gladiolus cormlets was also found.

Organic matter balance in the farms located in Ústí nad Orlicí district has been investigated since 1979. As a result, so called need of organic fertilisation, has been determined and the supply of the organic fertilisers to soils, e.g. farmyard manure, slurries and also straw and green manure has been monitored over the whole time period. About 45 % of the arable land area in the district has been monitored.
In addition to the organic matter balance, we determined several soil organic matter characteristics in soil samples (organic C, N and S contents, inert and decomposable C content, hot water soluble C content, hydrophobicity index calculated from the DRIFT spectrometry, available P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH).
The relationships between the organic matter supply with supplemental sources organic fertilisers and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics were statistically significant. Significant correlations were also found for the relationships between the organic matter need and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics.

The qualitative and quantitative composition of macrozoobenthos of two brooks of the Svitavy region was studied. Both brooks rise in the region with formerly mines. Altogether, 61 taxa of macrozoobenthos were determined. Saprobical indices of both brooks correspond to beta-mesosaprobity class at all sampling sites.

Non-significant differences were established when the nutritional and technological beef quality of Czech Fleckvieh and Montbeliard and their reaction to the end of feeding at the different age and different carcass growth intensity were studied.
Bulls were fattened until average weight of 656 kg. Montbeliard beef quality evaluation shown non-significant difference of higher intramuscular fat proportions and energy value compared to Czech Fleckvieh. Technological quality evaluation only indicated the tendency to lighter meat, lower water retention and lower level of hydroxyproline. Slaughter age rising in both breeds (the boundary vas 570 days) resulted in non-significant increasing of intramuscular fat together with significant (P < 0.05) increasing of muscle pigmentation content and non-significant shortening and water retention reduction.
Longer fattened bulls at both breeds shown non-significant m.l.th. area reduction at higher difference at Montbeliard. Net gain level as a carcass growth intensity, showed non-significant intramuscular fat production. Higher level of net daily gain produces, particularly at Montbeliards, lead to increasing of hydroxyproline. Higher growth intensity of Czech Fleckvieh influenced pigmentation content increase. Higher growth intensity in both breeds leads to enlarging the m.l.th.

Over the period of July to September 2005 effects of insecticide Integro with the effective substance methoxifenozide and biological preparation Trichoplus using parasitoid wasps Trichogramma evanescens and T. pintoi were evaluated in maize stands. These natural enemies of aphids were recorded in monitored fields (located in South Moravia, Czech Republic): parasitoids of genera Aphidius and Praon (Hymenopetra, Aphidiidae), predatory syrphid flies (Diptera, Syrphidae), ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), Orius bugs (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae), Green Lacewing - Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) and spiders (Araneida). No significant difference (T = 0.003; F = 4.894; P = 0.004) in populations of aphids and their antagonists was found in the studied variants (Integro, Trichoplus). More remarkable differences were found only soon after spraying with Integro. Syrphid flies pupae decreased by 41% in the Integro variant, and by 13% in the Trichoplus variant. Ladybird larvae did not occur in the Integro variant after spraying, there where 0.12 ladybird larvae on plant in the Trichoplus variant. Number of ladybird adults increased from 0.01 to 0.53 individuals per plant in the Trichoplus variant, but from 0.03 to 0.1 individuals in the Integro variant. Number of ladybird pupae decreased from 0.32 to 0.02 pupae per plant in the Integro variant, but it has increased from 0.04 to 0.54 in the Trichoplus variant. Correlative relationship between ladybird adult growing coefficient and aphid populations in the Trichoplus variant was found.

A two year-experiment was carried out to study the effect of root inoculation with two biopreparations, Vambac^® (VA-mycorrhiza genus Glomus, Gigaspora and the rhizospheric bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter) and Amalgerol^® (composed of vegetative and sea-algae oils and extracts) on leaf mineral concentration, vegetative and generative behaviour in two year old apple trees cv. 'Jonagold'/M.9. Trees were grown in 10 l plastic pots in unsterilized sandy clay soil (Fluvisols) under climatic conditions of South Moravia (49°,25' N; 16°,55' E), Czech Republic. Leaves were sampled eight times during the experiment (four times per year) for analysis of: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Mycorrhizal infection was determined with the gridline-intersection method. Inoculated plants showed higher VA root infection during both years (best results were 46% on the first year and 41.7% on the second year) and higher leaf P concentrations, in particular when biopreparations were applied together (P = 0.23% DW), than non inoculated (4% of root infection during year one and 15% during year two; P = 0.183% DW). N, K, Ca and Mg were not significantly affected by treatments. In many cases application of biopreparations decreased Fe, Mn and Zn leaf levels. Shoot length was strongly enhanced in inoculated plants only during the first year (46% more than non inoculated). No significant differences were detected between inoculated and non inoculated plants for: trunk diameter, spur number, root volume, leaf dry weight, number of blossoms and yield. It is concluded that the studied biopreparations have the capacity to colonize and persist in the roots of apple trees (VA-mycorrhizal fungus), enhance the uptake of phosphorus and vegetative growth but they could decreased the uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn.

The effect of N and P fertilization on the dry matter content, concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and their intake by the plant, production characteristics (achene yields, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production) and the content of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, palmitooleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) was evaluated in the one-year pot trial with sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.). Nitrogen application had a positive effect on dry matter production and increased N intake by plants as early as the beginning of vegetation (4^th true leaf). The effect of P on dry matter production was not markedly evident until the later growth stage (10^th true leaf). At the end of the vegetation period the weight of plants of variants fertilised with N only and variants where P was applied evened out. Achene yields, head diameters, 1000-seed weight, oil content and oil production increased statistically significantly after N application. Of all the monitored characteristics the increased level of P in the soil affected only the 1000-seed weight. The application of both nutrients did not significantly change the content of fatty acids.

The ponds of Lednice are situated in the area "Lednicko-valtický areál", which is included in the World Heritage List of UNESCO.
The aim of this essay was monitoring of seasonal dynamic zoobenthos development in the ponds Lednické rybníky over the years 2006-2007 and performance of qualitative and quantitative analysis of taken samples. The research was realized on ponds Nesyt, Hlohovecký, Prostřední, Mlýnský and Zámecký. Samples of macrozoobenthos were taken in monthly intervals. Qualitative studies of samples have shown 112 taxa of bentic macroinvertebrates in the localities mentioned above, 17 taxa were determined for the first time. Total number of benthic macroinvertebrates taxa known in the locality Lednické rybníky rose to 316 taxa. The values of macrozoobenthos density and biomass ranged between 22-15 667 ind.m^-2 and 0.05-40.2 g.m^-2, respectively.
With respect to the fact that only few researches with a focus on quality of macrozoobenthos in ponds of Lednice were realized, this research could bring supplementary information about the situation of benthic macroinvertebrates in the studied localities in new conditions of fish farming.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of temperament of Holstein cows scored before and during milking during the entire lactation and to calculate correlation between temperament measured in the two moments as well as milk production traits and temperament. Observations were carried out on 17 primiparous Holstein Friesian cows starting their lactation within 85 days. Measurements of temperament and milk production traits were taken once in each month of the lactation, during the morning milking, in a milking parlour. Temperament was assessed in a 5-point scale during udder preparation and milking procedure (1: very nervous, 5: very quiet). Data of milk yield and milk flow were collected individually on each test day morning. Results showed changes during the lactation in temperament of cows scored directly before milking (P < 0.01), however, temperament during milking did not alter with months (P > 0.10). By correlation coefficients, behaviour assessed in the two moments cannot be regarded as the same. In addition loose, significant relations were found only between milk traits and temperament before milking.

In the April of 2007, pseudomyiasis was detected in alimentary tract of two years old boy from South Moravia (Czech Republic). Contamination was caused by larvae of family Calliphoridae (Diptera), accidentally consummated with half-rotten fruits from bio compost. It is the first recent documented case of pseudomyiasis, and is closely connected with bio waste and ecological waste disposal. Usage of organic waste composting is increasing all around the world, motivated by demand for maximum recycling. While workrooms of bigger compost facilities are usually separated from public, waste containers in front of the houses or small composts in the gardens serving one family are freely accessible to public. These bio composts and waste containers attract many species of insects, especially from order Diptera. so for inhabitants of neighbouring houses this can represent certain health risk. In the location of findings, Dipteras were caught and their species spectrum was evaluated considering their ability to cause myiases or pseudomyiases.

In a small-plot trial with potatoes were applied increasing doses of selenium to the soil (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 kg Se.ha^-1) and after harvest were explored the content of selenium, phosphorus and sulphur in raw tubers and in the tops. The trials were conducted in two localities - Žabčice and Valečov using the semi-early variety Ditta. Selenium was applied to the soil in the form of sodium selenite before planting the potatoes. Chemical analyses discovered that with the applied dose the level of selenium increased in both tubers and tops and that the correlation between the applied selenium dose and its content in tubers and tops was significant (α < 0.05) and positive (r = 0.885 and r = 0.908, respectively). With an increasing dose of selenium the reduction in the level of sulphur in the tops (r = -0.872, α < 0.05) was statistically significant. In both localities the range of the sulphur levels in tubers was very narrow, i.e. 0.16-0.18%, and the effect of the selenium dose was not significant. The phosphorus content in tubers and tops did not change significantly after application of a dose of up to 48 kg Se.ha^-1. With the highest dose of selenium the content of phosphorus in both tops and tubers decreased significantly.

One of the most important parts in a precision farming system is the crop yield mapping. The pre-processing of the point data from combine harvesters, the transfer of the yield data onto the management grid and the interpolation of the yields are discussed, as well as using of the yield data themselves. The goal of the contribution was to verify, with the help of the field measuring on two stations, the dependence of the yield obtained by processing of the measured yield data from the combine harvester (where the yield monitor is installed) on the weighted yield. This is because of yield variability, which is the basic dependent variable of majority belonging to the rest kinds of field variation that provides the basic information about the field. Afterwards it is possible to transfer the yield data as the base for the variable application of the fertilizer. By this we access yield effects for the different site - specific treatment.