Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2008, 56(4), 161-168 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856040161

Hodnocení tvarů a mechanických vlastností broskví Red Haven v různých stadiích zralosti

Libor Severa
Ústav techniky a automobilové dopravy, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V rámci této práce byly hodnoceny tvary a mechanické vlastnosti broskví odrůdy Red Haven sklízených v různých fázích zralosti v červenci 2007. Tvar plodů a pecek byl popsán vypočtenými poměrovými parametry H/Ds, H/Dc a Dc/Ds. Je zřejmé, že neexistuje zřejmý kvantifikovatelný rozdíl v tvarech broskví sklízených v různých termínech (stadiích zralosti). Tvar téměř všech broskví sledovaných v rámci tohoto výzkumu byl téměř kulový. Detailnější rozbor tvaru broskví byl založen na obrazové analýze digitálních snímků plodů. Použita byla tzv. Eliptická Fourierova analýza (EFD). Analýza vedla k výpočtu poloměrů křivosti. Tento parametr byl dále využit při hodnocení mechanických vlastností broskví. Celé plody byly stlačovány ve všech hlavních směrech mezi dvěma deskami (hlavicemi) zkušebního stroje rychlostí 20 mm/min. Byly získány křivky závislostí síla-posunutí, které byly následně modelovány pomocí nelineárních modelů. Křivky vykazovaly počáteční lineární region nárůstu. Za tímto regionem následoval ve všech případech bod, kdy nastal pokles síly. Tento bod je obvykle nazýván "bioyield". Od fáze "bioyield" začínají na plodech vznikat otlaky. Je zřejmé, že poloha bodu "bioyield" je závislá na datu sklizně - jeho hodnota se výrazně snižuje s datem. Tento závěr je platný až od určitého stupně zralosti. Nebyla zaznamenána závislost tohoto parametru na směru zatěžování. Obdobný závěr je možno vyvodit i pro vypočtený zdánlivý modul elasticity. Z výsledků měření vyplývá, že broskve vykazují výborné mechanické pevnostní charakteristiky během první sedmi dnů sklizňové sezony. V dalších dnech se tyto vlastnosti výrazně zhoršují. Proto je doporučováno, aby byla většina manipulačních operací (balení, transport apod.) prováděna na začátku sklizně.

broskev, mechanické vlastnosti, analýza tvaru, zralost

Shape and strength of Red Haven peaches at the different stages of their maturity

Global shape of the peaches of the Red Haven variety (harvested on different days during July, 2007) has been characterized by calculating the H/Ds, H/Dc and Dc/Ds ratios. There is no, or nearly no, differences between peaches harvested at the different days. The shape of the all tested peaches was very close to round one. The more detailed description of the peach shape is based on the Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFDs) of the digital photos. The knowledge of the parameters (curvature etc.) is very useful e.g. for the evaluation of the results of the strength tests. Compression tests have been also perforemd - the whole peaches have been compressed between two plates at the constant cross-head velocity 20 mm/min. The force-displacement curves are characterised by certain monotonic increase and the point called bioyield, where force exhibits a drop. The bioyield significantly decreases with the date of the harvesting. There is no evidence of the dependence of this parameter on the direction of loading. The same result is approximatively valid for apparent modulus of elasticity E. The force-displacement curves have been successfully modelled by non-linear mathematical models.

Keywords: peach, strength properties, shape analysis, maturity
Grants and funding:

The research has been supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Academy of Sciences under Contract No. IAA201990701.

Received: January 14, 2008; Published: November 8, 2014  Show citation

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Severa, L. (2008). Shape and strength of Red Haven peaches at the different stages of their maturity. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 56(4), 161-168. doi: 10.11118/actaun200856040161
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