Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2006, 54(1), 145-154 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200654010145

Vliv draslíku na růst, obsah minerálních látek a tvorbu výnosu ječmene jarního (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Josef Zehnálek, Vojtěch Adam, René Kizek
Ústav chemie a biochemie, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V modelovém experimentu byl studován vliv zvýšených dávek KCl na růst, akumulaci hlavních minerálních látek (N, P, K, Ca, Mg a Na) ve stonku, v odnožích a kořenech a na tvorbu a strukturu výnosu u ječmene jarního. Zvýšení hmotnosti nadzemních částí rostlin byl inhibován zvýšenými dávkami KCl pouze na začátku experimentu, konkrétně jsme pozorovali mnohem pomalejší růst odnoží. Na druhou stranu, tvorba sušiny u kořenů byla negativně ovlivněna po celou dobu experimentu. Nejvíce byla draslíkem ovlivněna akumulace hlavních minerálních prvků v celé rostlině. Příjem draslíku rostlinou se zvýšil o 37 %. Výnos zrn byl vyšší u variant se zvýšenou dávkou KCl, ale korelace mezi vyšší dávkou draslíku a zvýšeným výnosem nebyla statisticky průkazná. Samotný nárůst ve výnosu byl dosažen vyšším počtem odnoží, vyšší množstvím obilek a vyšší váhou stejného počtu obilek ve srovnání s kontrolou. Množství hlavních minerálních prvků v obilkách nebyl ovlivněn aplikací KCl, ale obsah draslíku v slámě byl signifikantně zvýšen.

ječmen (Hordeum vulgare L.), rostlinná výživa, draslík, transport, tvorba výnosu, růst, minerální látky

Influence of potassium on growth, content of mineral nutrients and yield formation of the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

In model experiment, an influence of increasing KCl doses on spring barley growth, accumulation of main mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in main stalks, offshoots and roots and on yield formation and its structure was observed. Increase of weight of above-ground parts of plants was inhibited only at the beginning of experiment by increasing KCl doses, particularly, significantly lower growth of offshoots, but on the other hand production of dry weight of roots was negatively influenced during whole cultivation. Accumulation of main mineral nutrients in the plants was mostly influenced at potassium. Uptake of potassium by plant increased up to 37%. Yield of kernels was higher at variants with application of KCl but the correlation between higher K doses and the yield increase has not been statistically proved. Increase in the yield was reached by higher number of offshoots, higher number of kernels and higher weight of kernels in comparison with control. Content of main mineral nutrients in kernel was not influenced by application of KCl, but potassium content in straw was significantly increased.

Keywords: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), plant nutrition, potassium, transport, yield formation, growth, mineral nutrients
Grants and funding:

This work was supported by grants of the Grant Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry (IGA MZLU 250061/2005) and GAČR No. 525/04/P132.

Received: September 18, 2005; Published: December 13, 2014  Show citation

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Zehnálek, J., Adam, V., & Kizek, R. (2006). Influence of potassium on growth, content of mineral nutrients and yield formation of the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 54(1), 145-154. doi: 10.11118/actaun200654010145
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